//	TVIA Image Data
//	(c)	Andy Belcher	2008
//
makeTviaImg('1001','1001_tmn_actofparliament.jpg','','Tamar Manure Navigation Act of Parliament 1796','1796 Act of Parliament','Tamar Manure Navigation','Lumburn Valley','Gunnislake','Cornwall','Begun in 1796 and intended to link the tidal Tamar with Launceston, the Tamar Manure Navigation was only completed as far as Gunnislake; a mere two river miles from its starting point at Morwellham','/pages/tamarmanurecanal.shtml','D','','1796','','','990','1595','150','250','1');
makeTviaImg('1002','1002_tmn_lower_lock.jpg','','Lower lock and cottage','Lower Lock and Cottage','1001','Weir Head Bypass','Gunnislake','Cornwall','The Weir Head bypass with its two wide locks, enabled Tamar sailing barges to reach a wharf on the Cornish bank, just below New Bridge','1001','','SX 4349 7081 to SX 4368 7122 (locks)','1796-1800','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1003','1003_tmn_warehouse.jpg','','New Bridge wharf Warehouse','Wharf and warehouse remains','1001','New Bridge Wharf','Gunnislake','Cornwall','Several buildings lie in ruins here alongside a granite-edged quay, including a warehouse, cottages and a fine limekiln','1001','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1004','1004_tmn_cottage.jpg','','New Bridge wharf cottage','Wharf cottage remains','1003','1003','1003','1003','1003','1001','','1003','1003','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1005','1005_tmn_limekiln.jpg','','New Bridge wharf limekiln 1801','Wharf limekiln 1801','1003','1003','1003','1003','1003','1001','','1003','1003','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1006','1006_turner_ctbengext.jpg','','Engraving after Turner\'s 1812 painting of New Bridge wharf.','Engraving','1003','1003','1003','1003','The warehouse straddled the towpath end-on to the river, and can be seen in this engraving from JMW Turner\'s iconic painting \'Crossing the Brook\' of 1812.','1001','A','1003','1812','','JMW Turner','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1007','1007_tmn_boundarystone.jpg','','New Bridge wharf boundary stone','Wharf boundary stone','1003','1003','1003','1003','Nearby, this fine boundary stone survives, marking the Canal Company\'s boundary. ','1001','','1003','1003','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1008','1008_tmn_newstakesquay.jpg','','Netstakes Quay, looking south','Quay remains','1003','Netstakes Quay','Gunnislake','Cornwall','Three other quays lay on the line of the navigation, at Morwellham, Impham and Netstakes. All three predate the navigation and thus do not display typical features of canal quays. Not much is known about Netstakes Quay, although its name implies that a wooden funnel type fish trap was sited in the river bed nearby. The name is first recorded as \'Nuttstacks\' in 1724, when a tin smelting furnace was recorded there by Henric Kalmeter.','1001','','SX 4342 7060','C18','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1009','1009_tmn_wg_grave.jpg','','Engraving of Weir Head bypass canal and lock-keepers cottages on William George\'s gravestone, 1860','William George\'s gravestone','1003','Calstock Churchyard','Calstock','Cornwall','A carved gravestone in Calstock Churchyard, to William George, who died in 1860. It also shows a water wheel at the mouth of Impham Valley, pumping Wheal Impham\'s Engine Shaft.','1001','A','SX 4362 6926','1860','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1010','1010_tc_1803map.jpg','','1803 map of proposed route of canal','1803 proposed route map','Tavistock Canal','','Tavistock','Devon','One of the jewels in the engineering crown of the Tamar Valley mining district, the Tavistock Canal was conceived around 1800 by mining and other entrepreneurs in West Devon, primarily as a means of cheaply transporting the produce of local mines out of the district, for smelting.','/pages/tavistockcanal.shtml','M','','1803','','','2790','1575','440','230','1');
makeTviaImg('1011','1011_tc_actofparliament.jpg','','Tavistock Canal 1803 Act of Parliament','1803 Act of Parliament','1010','1010','1010','1010','1010','1010','D','1010','1803','','','1045','1478','150','220','1');
makeTviaImg('1012','1012_tc_johntaylor.jpg','','John Taylor 1779-1863, Mining engineer and driving force behind the Tavistock Canal','Portrait of John Taylor','1010','','','','The driving force behind the canal was almost certainly its engineer, John Taylor, who was only 24 at the time of its commencement in 1803.  Taylor had begun his career as manager of Wheal Friendship tin mine near Mary Tavy in 1798, at a time when this mine was losing money due to ill-management.  He turned it round within four years through a combination of good financial management and investment in water power','1010','A','','1779-1863','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1013','1013_tc_tunnel.jpg','','Looking north along the canal during an inspection - note the high water mark!','Canal tunnel interior','Tavistock Canal Tunnel','Morwell Down','Gulworthy','Devon','Detailed archaeological surveys and excavations along the course of the canal commenced in 2003, with the intention to produce a book on the canal\'s archaeology.  This work is still in progress, and selected examples of surveys are presented on this website ','1010','','SX 4612 7230 to SX 4489 7208','1803-1816','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1014','1014_tc_tunnel.jpg','','Looking south along the canal during an inspection - note the high water mark!','1013','1013','1013','1013','1013','1013','1010','','1013','1013','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1015','1015_tc_mqps.jpg','','Morwellham Hydroelectric Power Station','Morwellham Hydroelectric Power Station','Morwellham Hydroelectric Power Station','Morwellham Quay','Gulworthy','Devon','Its subsequent use from 1933 to drive a hydro-electric power station has kept it in use for one of its primary design uses up to the present day - a proud achievement','1010','','SX 4473 6981','1933','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1016','1016_tc_barge.jpg','','Reconstruction drawing of wrought iron canal barge','Canal barge','1013','1013','1013','1013','Several pioneering devices and engineering solutions were associated with the canal.  These included the use of mechanical air pumps for ventilating mines (1808), wrought iron canal boats (from 1811), the use of underground inclined planes to reduce costs associated with ore handling (1812), and containerisation (from 1816).','1010','D','1010','1811-1817','','','2000','1350','400','270','1');
makeTviaImg('1017','1017_tc_northportal.jpg','','The north portal of the canal during an inspection - note the high water mark!','North portal of tunnel','1013','1013','1013','1013','1013','1010','','1013','1013','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1018','1018_tc_incline.jpg','','Canal incline at Morwellham Quay','Inclined Plane','Canal Incline, Waterhall Wood','1015','1015','1015','1016','1010','','SX 4442 7006 to SX 4460 6972','1816-17, rebuilt 1855','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1019','1019_mountfoundry1861.jpg','','Mount Foundry 1861 plan','1861 plan','Mount Foundry','Parkwood Road','Tavistock','Devon','The Mount Foundry or Tavistock Iron Works in Parkwood Road was the most closely associated with the canal, as its proprietors were its promoters and principal shareholders; manufacturing plant and equipment for them in the form of wrought iron boats, water wheels, plate railways and a cast iron aqueduct.','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#mountfoundry','P','','1861','','','780','571','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1020','1020_mountfoundry_boilershop.jpg','','Mount Foundry boiler shop','Boiler shop','1019','1019','1019','1019','1019','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#mountfoundry','','1019','1019','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1021','1021_mwhq_plateway.jpg','','1816 plateway at Morwellham','Plateway castings','Quayside railways','1015','1015','1015','1019','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml','','','1816','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1022','1022_shillamill_aqueduct.jpg','','Cast iron aqueduct near Shillamill, 1839','Cast Iron Aqueduct','Shillamill Aqueduct','Shillamill Wood','Gulworthy','Devon','1019','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#mountfoundry','','','1839','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1023','1023_bedfordfoundry.jpg','','Bedford or Lakeside Foundry, main building','Main building','Bedford Foundry','Bannawell Street','Tavistock','Devon','The Bedford Foundry in Bannawell Street supplied the Tavistock Canal Company from the mid-1840s, particularly the edge railway between Lumburn and Mill Hill of 1844-46 and the replacement railways associated with the Canal Incline at Morwellham in 1855.','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#bedfordfoundry','','','Mid C19','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1024','1024_mwhq_chairedrail.jpg','','1855 chaired I section rail, Morwellham','Chaired I section rail','Morwellham Railway Museum','1021','1021','1021','Rolled wrought iron I section rails in cast iron chairs on slate sleeper blocks were used in 1844-46 on the Mill Hill Tramway, laid to replace the Tavistock Canal\'s Mill Hill branch.  In 1855, an identical railway was laid to replace the inclined plane and most of the quayside railways between the canal terminus and Morwellham.','1021','','1021','1855','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1025','1025_mwhq_pumpwheel.jpg','','Section of pump wheel at Morwellham, c1856','Drawing','Water wheel powered pump','1021','1021','1021','This water wheel at Morwellham driving a domestic water pump, was supplied to the Bedford Estate in about 1856 and is still in working order.','1021','D','1021','1856','','','900','1300','180','260','1');
makeTviaImg('1026','1026_tavyfoundry_edgetool.jpg','','Tavy Foundry, edge tool factory','Edge tool factory','Tavy Foundry','1019','1019','1019','The buildings which comprised the Tavy Iron Works were originally part of the Mount Foundry, but were sold off to JH Pearce after 1867, who made a variety of items including machinery such as water wheels.','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#tavyironworks','','1019','1867','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1027','1027_tavyfoundry_45ftpattern.jpg','','Tavy Foundry, pattern for 45ft water wheel','Pattern for 45ft water wheel','1026','1026','1026','1026','These patterns for a 45ft diameter water wheel of circa 1880 are believed to have come from Pearce\'s pattern store and are marked \'Wheal Friendship\'.','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#tavyironworks','','1026','c.1880','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1028','1028_tavyfoundry_45ftpattern.jpg','','Tavy Foundry, pattern for 45ft wheel','1027','1026','1026','1026','1026','1027','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#tavyironworks','','1027','1027','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1029','1029_tavyfoundry_boilershop.jpg','','Tavy Foundry, 1860s boiler shop','Boiler shop','1026','1026','1026','1026','1026','/pages/ironfoundries.shtml#tavyironworks','','1026','1860s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1030','1030_headondown32ft_wheel.jpg','','32ft pumping wheel from Headon Down China Clay pit,now at Morwellham Quay.','32ft pumping wheel','Morwellham water wheel','1015','1015','1015','In order to create great power from small flows of water, it was necessary to use water wheels of large diameter and narrow breast with many buckets.  The relatively small amount of water on the outer edge of a wheel which might be 40-50ft diameter would create the same amount of power as a much smaller diameter wheel with a wider breast, such as those commonly used in corn mills. In 1969, Dartington Hall Trust, an organisation dedicated to the revival of rural industry and conservation of historic buildings, put together a proposal for a field centre at Morwellham. This would enable students to study the natural and historic aspects of the area, while conserving and presenting the surviving remains to enhance public understanding of the port. A key feature of the modern day site is the restored water wheel. The original has gone but in its place is another 32ft water wheel by H Beare, Newton Abbot, from 1905.','/pages/waterpower_cornwall.shtml','','1021','1905','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1031','1031_lumburn_leat_tunnel.jpg','','Lumburn Leat tunnel, 1470s','Leat Tunnel','Lumburn Leat','Lumburn Valley Leat','Gulworthy','Devon','In the 1470s-80s a ten mile long leat was constructed by Italian engineers from the Lumburn Valley west of Tavistock to the Crown silver-lead mines near Bere Alston.  This astonishing undertaking used several of the techniques described below, such as water augmentation, tunnelling and the crossing of watersheds','/pages/waterpower.shtml','','','1470s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1032','1032_marquis_intake.jpg','','Marquis leat intake cutting, 1722','Leat intake cutting','Marquis Leat','Marquis Copper Works','Gulworthy','Devon','The leat survives as a terrace on the steep valley side and is cut by the nearby early 18th century Tavistock Copper Work, showing the leat to be earlier.  The point at which it entered the Marquis Work is shown by a deep rock cutting, seen here just to the left of the upper level gunnis.','/pages/waterpower_tamar.shtml','','','1722','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1033','1033_rubbytown_leat.jpg','','Turner 1815, Rubbytown Leat','Engraving by Turner, 1815','Rubbytown Leat','Rubbytown Valley','Gulworthy','Devon','The Rubbytown Leat served the early workings on the Devon Great Consols Lode, while its collection pond and take-off from the Rubbytown Brook is shown in this extract from the foreground of an engraving of JMW Turner\'s painting \'Crossing The Brook\' from 1815.','1032','A','','1815','','JMW Turner','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1034','1034_gawton_leat.jpg','','Gawton Leat','Leat cutting','Gawton Leat','Gawton Mine','Gulworthy','Devon','The Gawton Leat was the shorter of the two leats from the Lobscombe Valley, serving two 40ft diameter by 4ft breast wheels at George and Charlotte Mine where the wheelpits remain today.','1032','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1035','1035_gac_no2wheelpit.jpg','','George and Charlotte No 2 wheelpit, 1840s','Wheelpit','George and Charlotte No2 1840s wheelpit','George and Charlotte Copper Mine','Gulworthy','Devon','1034','1032','','','1840s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1036','1036_baylys_enginewheel.jpg','','Bayly\'s Engine Wheel drawing, c.1860, from AMR','Drawing','Bayly\'s Engine Wheel','1034','1034','1034','An extension was made in 1852 to Bayly\'s Shaft at Gawton Mine where a 45ft by 4ft wheel pumped Gawton and Bedford Consols mines, also crushing their ores with a roller crusher.','1032','D','','c. 1860','','','1400','1084','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1037','1037_bedford_utd_leat.jpg','','Bedford United Leat below Chimney Rock','Leat cutting','Bedford United Leat','Bedford United Mine','Gulworthy','Devon','The leat was extended north of the Impham valley in 1842 to carry water to Bedford United Mine, where it drove two large diameter wheels in tandem for pumping, crushing and hauling. Just north of Impham valley the leat had to pass for some distance along the sheer cliff face beneath Chimney Rock.  Parts are said to have been suspended from chains, while at least one supporting iron strap is known, driven horizontally into the rock.','1032','','','1842','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1038','1038_whealimpham_waterwheel.jpg','','Wheal Impham waterwheel c.1860','Waterwheel','Wheal Impham Waterwheel','Wheal Impham','Gulworthy','Devon','One of two large diameter wheels for pumping and crushing is shown here, on the Wheal Russell AMR section of c.1860 which shows workings on the Impham Lode.','1032','S','','c. 1860','','','1430','665','250','160','1');
makeTviaImg('1039','1039_bedford_utd_leat.jpg','','Bedford Utd Leat below Chimney Rock','1037','1037','1037','1037','1037','1037','1032','','','1037','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1040','1040_bedford_utd_leat.jpg','','Bedford Utd Leat, Chimney Rock half tunnel','Leat half tunnel','1037','1037','1037','1037','1037','1032','','','1037','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1041','1041_south_bedford_mine_plan.jpg','','South Bedford Mine, pumping wheel at centre','1867 Bedford Estate Map','Pumping wheel','South Bedford Mine','Gulworthy','Devon','After serving Bedford United Mine, the leat was brought southwards again at a lower level, crossing the A390 road just above New Bridge and supplying dressing floors and a large diameter pumping and stamping wheel at South Bedford Mine.','1032','M','','1037','','','905','965','240','180','1');
makeTviaImg('1042','1042_bedford_utd_weirhead_leat.jpg','','Bedford United Leats at Weir Head','Bedford United leat','1037','Weir Head Bypass','Gunnislake','Cornwall','The tailrace fed a leat which was taken further south across the lower cliff faces below Chimney Rock on long timber legs, as can be seen in this 1920s photograph, taken from the Cornish bank just below Weir Head. The course of the upper leat is shown in blue dots on the photograph where it follows a precipitous route around the cliff face beneath Chimney Rock.  This part was in use as late as 1930, serving a copper precipitation works at Bedford United Mine.','1032','','','1920s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1043','1043_bedford_utd_leat_flatrodbridge.jpg','','Bedford United Leat cliff face launder','Cliff face launder','1042','1042','1042','1042','The leat was extended north of the Impham valley in 1842 to carry water to Bedford United Mine, where it drove two large diameter wheels in tandem for pumping, crushing and hauling. Just north of Impham valley the leat had to pass for some distance along the sheer cliff face beneath Chimney Rock.  Parts are said to have been suspended from chains, while at least one supporting iron strap is known, driven horizontally into the rock. This engraving shows a similar suspended launder being inspected by engineers, probably in North America.','1032','A','','1842','','','1200','671','240','135','1');
makeTviaImg('1044','1044_wheal_josiah_plan.jpg','','Leat system at Wheal Josiah, DGC, 1867','1867 Bedford Estate Map','Leat sytem','Wheal Josiah, DGC','Gulworthy','Devon','This second system was largely used for ore dressing and passed water round the various centres of operations via a complex system of leats and reservoirs.  This extract from the 1867 Bedford Estate Map shows part of the system around Wheal Josiah.','1032','M','','1867','','','1179','1200','240','180','1');
makeTviaImg('1045','1045_mwhq_powerstation.jpg','','Morwellham Power Station, 1933','1015','1015','1015','1015','1015','At least 35 water wheels are recorded as having been fed by the waters of the Tavistock Canal, at various times from its completion in 1817 to the early 20th century, either directly from the canal or through a system of leats. Its water is still used for hydro-electric power generation at Morwellham Power Station, where an enormous body of Tavy-derived water surges into the Tamar.','/pages/waterpower_tavy.shtml','','','1933','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1046','1046_tavistockclothmill_1741.jpg','','Tavistock cloth mill, 1741','1741 Engraving','Tavistock Cloth Industry','Tavistock Town','Tavistock','Devon','Tavistock\'s principal industry from the 16th to the 18th centuries was the manufacture of woollen cloth.  A 1741 engraving of Tavistock town shows at least one water-powered cloth mill, with tenter racks for drying finished cloth on the hillsides above.','/pages/clothmaking.shtml','A','','1741','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1047','1047_tavistock_tenterracks_1741.jpg','','Tenter racks at Tavistock cloth mill, 1741','1046','Tenter racks 1741','1046','1046','1046','1046','1046','A','1046','1046','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1048','1048_thp_weavingshed.jpg','','Trevithick, Hosken and Polkinghorne\'s weaving shed. 1890','Weaving Shed','Trevithick, Hosken and Polkinghorne\'s weaving shed','Parkwood Road','1046','1046','Hosken, Trevithick and Polkinghorne opened a large weaving factory on the former Mount Foundry premises in Parkwood Road.  This survived in use until the 1960s and is seen here during partial demolition in 2004.','1046','','1019','1890','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1049','1049_tavistockclothmill_office.jpg','','Tavistock Cloth Mill early 1900s Office','Cloth Mill','1048','1048','1048','1048','Hosken, Trevithick and Polkinghorne opened a large weaving factory on the former Mount Foundry premises in Parkwood Road. The factory office of the early 1900s stands nearby.','1046','','1048','Early1900s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1050','1050_clothmill.jpg','','Water powered cloth mill of c.1800 with steam power added later.','','Cloth Mill','Colyton Cloth Mill','Colyton','Devon','The building survives into modern use.','1046','','','c. 1800','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1051','1051_clothmill.jpg','','1050','1050','1050','1050','1050','1050','Weaving rooms on ground and first floors, drying loft above. Taviton Mill was arranged in this way; a common Devon layout.','1046','','1050','1050','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1052','1052_clothmill_tailrace.jpg','','1050','1050','1050','1050','1050','1050','Downstream end of mill with tailrace emerging from beneath building.','1046','','1050','1050','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1053','1053_imphambrickworks_1869amr.jpg','','Impham Brickworks on 1869 Wheal Russell Plan','1869 Wheal Russell Plan','Brickworks','Impham Brickworks','Gulworthy','Devon','The site survives relatively well in a pasture field and scrub woodland alongside the Tamar, just upstream from the site of Impham Quay. The brickfield is represented by two large rectangular depressions in the pasture field, which may result from the controlled collapse of underground extraction galleries, rather than opencast works.','/pages/bricksandtiles_devon.shtml#impham','M','','1869','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1054','1054_imphambrickkiln_1869amr.jpg','','Impham brick kiln on 1869 Wheal Russell Plan','1053','Brick kiln','1053','1053','1053','The site of Impham Quay is clearly marked on several old maps, on the outside of Impham Turn, where the Tamar makes one of its characteristically sharp bends. The 1768 Bedford Estate Map shows the dock, while this extract from the 1867 Estate Map shows an open sided goods transfer shed at the terminus of the railway. The brick kiln survives in poor condition at the southern end of the site, and may have been blown up at some point after abandonment, as it largely consists of an enormous heap of rubble in a small fir plantation. Its appearance on the c.1860 Wheal Russell and the 1867 Bedford Estate Map suggests a rectangular structure of at least three bays, possibly representing three separate tunnel kilns with a shared exit flue, opening onto the Frementor Railway on its south-west side.','1053','M','','1869','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1055','1055_bricks_westlake.jpg','DGC Railway Tunnel, Morwellham, Tavistock, Devon.','Bricks by Westlake of Rumleigh and Greenhill.','Bricks','Bricks by Westlake of Rumleigh and Greenhill','Greenhill Brickworks ','Gunnislake','Cornwall','The most numerous maker, mostly with an off-white granular body and no frog. There are two stamp types, one with serifed capitals; the other plainer, without serifs. Many of these are covered with melted slag-like deposits, suggesting that they were previously used in limekilns or furnaces.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#westlake','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1056','1056_bricks_phoenix.jpg','1055','Bricks by Phoenix Works, Sevenstones.','1055','Bricks by Phoenix Works','Phoenix Brick and Tile Works','Sevenstones','Cornwall','A single broken brick of standard size, of creamy/off-white granular body with no frog. The stamp is in capitals with a ligatured OE. Many similar but unmarked bricks litter the site of the brickworks, which seems to have been largely demolished before 1946, leaving only the outer walls of the kiln and some remains of outbuildings.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#phoenix','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1057','1057_bricks_plymouth.jpg','1055','Bricks by Plymouth Works, Dimson.','1055','Bricks by Plymouth Works','Plymouth Works','Dimson','Cornwall','Plymouth Works at Dimson was one of the largest on Hingston Down, having an enormous circular Hoffman kiln. One brick is known from Morwellham, picked up on the Devon Great Consols Incline.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#plymouth','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1058','1058_bricks_tamar.jpg','1055','Bricks by Tamar Works, Cox\'s Park.','1055','Bricks by Tamar Works','Tamar Firebrick and Clay Company','Coxpark','Cornwall','A whiteish granular body with no frog; of standard size with the stamp in large plain deeply inset capitals.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#tamar','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1059','1059_bricks_bealswood.jpg','1055','Bricks by Bealswood Brickworks, Gunnislake.','1055','Bricks by Bealswood Brickworks','Bealeswood Brickworks','Gunnislake','Cornwall','This type is represented by a single broken brick, found dumped into the Morwellham sawpit in the late C19.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#bealswood','','','C19','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1060','1060_bricks_hancock.jpg','1055','Bricks by Wm Hancock, Hawarden.','1055','Bricks by Wm Hancock','William Hancock','Hawarden','Cheshire','Two of these bricks are present, of a relatively fine red-brown fabric with no frog. The stamp W HANCOCK is in small capitals, unusually on the side of the brick.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#hancock','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1061','1061_bricks_hancock.jpg','1055','1060','1060','1060','1060','1060','1060','1060','1060','','','1060','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1062','1062_bricks_dennis.jpg','1055','Bricks by Dennis, Ruabon.','1055','Bricks by Dennis, Ruabon','Thomas Dennis Brickworks','Ruabon','Denbigh','A loud orange-red colour with the name DENNIS in serifed capitals in a deep rectangular frog. These were dumped in both the railway cutting and sawpit.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#dennis','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1063','1063_bricks_martinleemoor.jpg','1055','Bricks by Martin, Lee Moor.','1055','Bricks by Martin, Lee Moor','Martin Lee Moor Brickworks','Lee Moor','Devon','An associated industry at Martin\'s china clay works at Lee Moor on western Dartmoor was the production of white frogless bricks with a granular body, marked in plain letters','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#martinleemoor','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1064','1064_bricks_unknown.jpg','1055','Bricks of unknown manufacturer.','1055','Unidentified Bricks','1015','1015','1015','A loud orange-red colour with a shallow rectangular or oval frog with no stamp, sometimes with wire cutter marks. The fabric is similar to Dennis and Wagstaffe bricks, possibly earlier 19th century.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#unknown1','','','Early C19','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1065','1065_bricks_unknown_morwellham.jpg','1055','Unidentified red bricks in Morwellham sawpit.','1055','Unidentified Bricks','1064','1064','1064','1064','1064','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1066','1066_bricks_unknown_textures.jpg','1055','Unidentified red bricks, textures and wire marks.','1055','Unidentified Bricks','1064','1064','1064','1064','1064','','','1064','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1067','1067_bricks_unknown_local.jpg','1055','Unknown, probably local.','1055','Unidentified Bricks','1064','1064','1064','1064','1064','','','1064','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1068','1068_bricks_unknown_square.jpg','1055','Unidentified square bricks from Morwellham sawpit.','1055','Unidentified Bricks','1064','1064','1064','Fat unfrogged bricks of square section with a yellowy pink friable body have been found in the sawpit at Morwellham. Their function is not certain but they may have been made to line domestic hearths, as several are heat damaged, though not melted. One has subsequently appeared in the fill of a lime kiln at Morwellham, raising the possibility that they could also have been used as kiln linings.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#unknown2','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1069','1069_bricks_c19_brickstiles.jpg','1055','C19 bricks and tiles from Morwellham.','1055','C19 bricks and tiles','1064','1064','1064','Several other types of unmarked brick are shown here, found in the backfill of the Devon Great Consols railway tunnel approach cutting at Morwellham. Many of these have similar fabric to some of the marked ones shown above and are probably made by local or Cheshire brickworks. Why some bricks made by the same manufacturer were stamped and others were not, remains a mystery.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#unknown3','','','C19','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1070','1070_bricks_c19_unstamped.jpg','1055','Unstamped C19 bricks.','1055','Unstamped bricks','1064','1064','1064','1069','1069','','','C19','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1071','1071_bricks_sandhill.jpg','1055','Bricks by Sandhill Brickworks, Drakewalls.','1055','Bricks by Sandhill Brickworks','Sandhill Brickworks','Drakewalls','Cornwall','Reddish-brown speckled bricks with no frog and the unusual legend below have been found in the Tavistock Canal Tunnel, apparently used c.1869-73 to arch in the bottoms of two shafts.','/pages/bricksandtiles_other.shtml#sandhill','','','1869-73','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1072','1072_bricks_wagstaffe.jpg','1055','Bricks by Thomas Wagstaffe, Impham.','1055','Bricks by Thomas Wagstaffe','1053','1053','1053','Found in and around the office and manager\'s house at Impham Brickworks are lightly stamped WAGSTAFFE in thick capitals, in a rectangular, deeply sunken frog. The bricks are slightly thicker than usual, in a rich orange-red fabric, very friable with killas inclusions.','/pages/bricksandtiles_other.shtml#wagstaffe','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1073','1073_bricks_manna_butts.jpg','','Manna Butts bricks.','1055','Bricks by Manna Butts','Dolvin Road','Tavistock','Devon','This short-lived brickworks was developed by the Bedford Estate in the 1840s-50s in order to provide bricks for the Estate\'s cottage building programme. Although two groups of cottages at Manna Butts (1842) and Dolvin Road, Tavistock (1842-45) were built, the clay (and the subsequent bricks) were of poor quality, and the works was abandoned after a relatively short life.','/pages/bricksandtiles_devon.shtml#mannabutts','','','1842-45','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1074','1074_bricks_manna_butts.jpg','','Dolvin Road Cottages, eastern block, 1845.','1055','1073','1073','1073','1073','1073','1073','','','1845','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1075','1075_newquay_limestone.jpg','','Limestone pile at New Quay.','Limestone pile','New Quay Limekiln','New Quay','Gulworthy','Devon','The raw materials for lime manufacture, namely limestone and fuel were brought by boat - in the case of the limestone, from Plymouth where there were large deposits. ','/pages/limeburning.shtml','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1076','1076_newquay_welshcoal.jpg','','Welsh coal at New Quay.','Welsh coal pile','','1075','1075','1075','It is possible that lime burning began earlier on the Tamar estuary than elsewhere because of the large quantity of wood available for fuel, but coal was certainly being brought from South Wales by the early 18th century, perhaps as a back-cargo in association with the export of copper ore.  ','1075','','','Early C18','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1077','1077_newquaykiln_johnsavery1812.jpg','','New Quay kiln in 1812, watercolour by John Savery.','Painting by John Savery','New Quay kiln incline','1075','1075','1075','The earliest known surviving kilns in the Tamar Valley date from the 18th century and are of the \'drum\' or \'ring donut\' variety, whose external shape mirrors the curve of the inner well.  An example of this can be seen in this watercolour of the nearby New Quay kiln of 1812, by John Savery.  This kiln was built in 1774 by Edmund Moon of Calstock, apparently on a new site, not previously used for limeburning.','/pages/traditionalkilns.shtml','A','','1812','','John Savery','884','497','220','125','1');
makeTviaImg('1078','1078_morwellham_smallkiln.jpg','','Morwellham small kiln.','Limekiln','Small Limekiln','1015','1015','1015','The second earliest of the Morwellham kilns, a single well kiln in the village centre, is of D plan; a common variant of the drum kiln built into a steep slope to facilitate loading; in this case the old river-cliff.','1077','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1079','1079_pentilliequaykiln_johnsavery1812.jpg','','Pentillie kilns in 1812, watercolour by John Savery.','1077','Pentillie Kilns','Pentillie Quay','St Dominick','Cornwall','Some kilns used an open lean-to structure supported on wooden posts, or stone half-arches against the ends of a kiln, such as this example at Pentillie Quay by John Savery.','1077','A','','1812','','John Savery','885','460','220','115','1');
makeTviaImg('1080','1080_morwellham_kilnbank.jpg','','Morwellham kiln bank.','Limekiln','Morwellham Limekiln','1078','1078','1078','Some lime-burning sites were particularly favourable and were used by more than one kiln, which could be added onto an existing kiln or built as a free-standing structure alongside.  The technical term for a row of such kilns, whether connected or not, is a \'kiln bank\', and several such banks exist in the valley, notably at Calstock, Gawton, New Quay and Morwellham.','1077','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1081','1081_weirquay_kiln.jpg','','Weir Quay single pot 19th century kiln.','Limekiln','Single pot 19th century kiln','Weir Quay Limekiln','Weir Quay','Devon','1080','1077','','','C19','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1082','1082_mwhq_kilnbank_plan.jpg','','Morwellham kiln bank ground plan.','1080','1080','1078','1078','1078','Some kilns on the Devon side of the Tamar Valley used small-bore tunnels around the backs of their wells to improve draughting, particularly in sheltered locations where the air could be stagnant. The earliest example is not known, but the kiln at Morwellham has been subjected to a detailed archaeological survey and the earliest of the two draught passages there probably dates from the end of the 18th century, the second being added shortly afterwards, by 1812.','/pages/draughtpassagekilns.shtml','P','','Early C19','','','1781','1120','440','280','1');
makeTviaImg('1083','1083_tavistock_wharf_1816.jpg','','Tavistock Wharf kiln, 1816-17.','Limekiln','Tavistock Wharf Kiln','Tavistock Wharf','Tavistock','Devon','It was perhaps easier to drive a long passage through loose fill material along the rear of an existing kiln, unlike Morwellham, where the tunnels were partly driven through existing masonry. Only the Tavistock and Mill Hill kilns, being single-phase structures, incorporated straight tunnels in their primary structures.','1082','P','','1816-17','','','800','1200','200','250','1');
makeTviaImg('1084','1084_millhill_kiln_plan1819.jpg','','Mill Hill kiln plan, 1819.','Limekiln','Mill Hill Wharf Limekiln','Mill Hill Wharf','Gulworthy','Devon','1083','1082','P','','1819','','','1510','1020','360','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1085','1085_morwellham_kiln_longsection.jpg','','Morwellham limekiln long section.','Limekiln','1080','1080','1080','1080','Three kilns in the Tamar Valley have evidence for the continuous-burning process, at Morwellham, New Quay and Gawton.  The exact date at which this occurred in the case of Gawton is uncertain, but at New Quay a side passage (now blocked) was inserted into the north-west end c.1825, while at Morwellham\'s kiln bank, the two side passages, shown in this long section,  seem to date from c.1817.','/pages/continuousburningkilns.shtml','S','','1817, 1825','','','1900','1225','400','250','1');
makeTviaImg('1086','1086_new_quay_kiln_incline.jpg','','New Quay kiln with incline, 1825 and 1850.','Limekiln incline','New Quay kiln incline','1075','1075','1075','The kiln at New Quay (1825-26) is of the nationally rare inclined plane type; these used plateways or edge railways to carry the coal and limestone from the quays to their loading decks via inclined planes powered by water wheels.','/pages/inclinedplanekilns.shtml','','','1825, 1850','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1087','1087_mwhq_limekiln.jpg','','Morwellham limekiln, reconstruction.','Limekiln','1080','1080','1080','1080','This section drawing of the Morwellham kiln incline, looking upstream, was reconstructed from archaeological surveys and excavations between 2003 and 2005, and also shows the two plateway turntables which linked the incline with quayside sidings.','1086','S','','2005','','','1950','570','400','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1088','1088_mwhq_kilnbank.jpg','','Morwellham kiln bank, upper deck with tramways.','1087','1080','1080','1080','1080','The two best-understood kilns are at Morwellham and New Quay.  The former (see photograph) was an existing kiln which seems to have acquired its incline in 1816-17 at the completion of the Tavistock Canal incline and its plateways, which were interconnected.  ','1086','P','','1816-17','','','800','700','280','180','1');
makeTviaImg('1089','1089_new_quay_tramway.jpg','','New Quay tramway, wrought iron chairs.','Wrought iron chairs','New Quay Tramway','1075','1075','1075','The railway used wrought iron bar rails, apparently of two types, some with hammer-welded fixing lugs; others with rare wrought iron chairs.  These are very rare; only two other railways of this type being known in south-west England at this time.','1086','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1090','1090_new_quay_incline.jpg','','New Quay kiln incline with two phases.','1086','1086','1089','1089','1089','In 1850, the kiln was rebuilt and heightened and the incline\'s angle changed to a steeper one of wholly stone construction.  The haulage arrangements were modified; a reverse-haulage system being installed to continue the incline beyond the water wheel onto a raised railway system on high stone walls dividing three great bunkers behind the kiln.','1086','','','1850','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1091','1091_mwhq_kiln_incline.jpg','','Morwellham limekiln incline, 1816 turntable.','Turntable','1080','1080','1080','1080','Andy by a further turntable at the incline foot which turned to serve a line along the riverside wharf, mirroring those at Morwellham and Tavistock.','1086','','','1816','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1092','1092_new_quay_kiln_1867.jpg','','New Quay limekiln on 1867 Estate Map.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','New Quay Limekiln','1089','1089','1089','A further turntable at the incline foot turned to serve a line along the riverside wharf, mirroring those at Morwellham and Tavistock. This extract from the Bedford Estate Map of 1867 shows the layout well.','1086','M','','1867','','','668','600','250','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1093','1093_gac_middleadit_plan.jpg','','George and Charlotte Middle Adit Plan.','Plan','Middle Adit','1035','1035','1035','It was typical for a mine to have a single cobbled area for this, whose size depended on the productivity of the mine, but some mines had smaller floors near the adit entrances where basic sorting and breaking with iron hammers took place first.','/pages/dressingfloors.shtml','P','','','','','1600','1030','350','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1094','1094_whealfanny_dressingfloor.jpg','','Wheal Fanny dressing floor, on 1867 Bedford Estate Map.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','','Wheal Fanny, DGC','1044','1044','Until the mid-19th century, most of these areas were served by cart tracks, but after the 1840s it was common to use narrow gauge railways to connect various parts of a processing site, even if the finished product was still taken away by horse and cart. Of course, most of the mines close to the Tamar were served by nearby quays, so these costs were not high.','1093','M','','1867','','','953','611','350','250','1');
makeTviaImg('1095','1095_uppermerrival_stamp.jpg','','Upper Merrivale stamping mill, c.1700.','Stamping Mill','Upper Merrivale Stamping Mill','Upper Merrivale','Peter Tavy Great Common','Devon','This stamping mill at Upper Merrivale on Dartmoor has been excavated archaeologically. It was used in conjunction with a smelting mill and is illustrated in this reconstruction drawing. These mills dated from the 17th to early 18th century, but their design and small size do not seem to have changed much since their introduction in the medieval period.','/pages/stampingmills.shtml','D','','c. 1700','','','900','1044','350','400','1');
makeTviaImg('1096','1096_anderton_stamp.jpg','','Anderton Engine House, with 16 heads of steam stamps, 1888.','Steam Stamps','Anderton Engine House','Anderton Mine','Tavistock','Devon',' A share issue launched in 1888 was publicised in the Financial Journal, on a full-page spread which included five photographs of the mine machinery. Although most Tamar Valley mines seem to have used water power for this, especially in Devon, steam was sometimes used; Anderton Mine near Tavistock having a small rotary beam engine driving a stamps battery in 1888.','1095','','','1888','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1097','1097_mwhq_manganesemill.jpg','','Morwellham Manganese Mill Drawing.','Crushing Mill','Morwellham Manganese Mill','1015','1015','1015','This cross-section of the Morwellham manganese mill was found in IK Brunel\'s papers in the 1970s; it is assumed that he sketched it in the 1840s or 1850s while involved in railway projects in the Plymouth area.  ','/pages/crushingmills.shtml','D','','c. 1840s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1098','1098_shillamill_manganesemill.jpg','','Shillamill Manganese Mill, 1841.','Crushing Mill','Shillamill Managanese Mill','Shillamill','Tavistock','Devon','A plan of the Shillamill manganese mill from an 1841 lease.','1097','P','','1841','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1099','1099_applecrusher.jpg','','Apple crusher gearing.','Apple crusher','','','','Devon','A roller crusher for apples. Ore was fed from a hopper between the two rolls, which were geared to turn inwards against each other, crushing the apples. This method was used from the 18th century with granite rolls for crushing apples to make cider, and it is possible that this is where Taylor got the idea [for ore crushing].','1097','','','c. C18','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1100','1100_applecrusher.jpg','','Apple crusher rolls.','1099','1099','1099','1099','1099','1099','1097','','','1099','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1101','1101_singlelevercrusher.jpg','','Single lever roller crusher, 1841-67.','Roller crusher','Bedford Iron Works','1023','1023','1023','The example seen here is an engineering drawing from the Tavistock Foundries Collection, owned jointly by the Tamar Mining Group and Tavistock Local History Society.  It relates to Nicholls and Williams\' Foundry in Bannawell Street between 1841 and 1867. The long arm had a weight hung on it, which controlled how firmly the rollers were held together on the slide bars seen in the drawing. If very hard material was being crushed, lighter weights would be used to avoid damaging the rollers.','1097','D','','1841-67','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1102','1102_southbedford_crusher.jpg','','South Bedford Crusher exterior.','Crushing Mill','South Bedford Crusher','1041','1041','1041','This well-preserved roller crusher house at South Bedford Mine, lies on the Devon bank of the Tamar opposite Gunnislake.  It was driven by a 24ft diameter by 5ft breast water wheel and was in operation between c.1844 and the late 1860s.  ','1097','','','c. 1844','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1103','1103_gawton.jpg','','1890s watercolour of Gawton Mine in section...','Painting','Gawton Mine Section','1034','1034','1034','Steam crusher houses survive well at Gawton Mine, where a pair dating from the 1880s can be seen on top of the hill, driven by a rotative engine in a house behind. The arsenic refinery is also visible in the foreground behind the quay.','1097','A','','1890s','','1895charcoal?','1200','725','400','180','1');
makeTviaImg('1104','1104_gunnislake_crusher.jpg','','Gunnislake Clitters steam crusher.','Steam crusher','Gunnislake Clitters Steam Crusher','Gunnislake Clitters Mine','Gunnislake','Cornwall','This example of a crusher house can be found at the dressing floors adjoining Skinners Shaft at Gunnislake Clitters Mine, although only one crusher house was used here.','1097','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1105','1105_uppermerivale_smelter.jpg','','Upper Merrivale, early C18 smelter.','Smelter','Upper Merrivale Smelter','1095','1095','1095','Many smelting mills survive on Dartmoor, where several have good evidence for their rectangular furnaces with space behind them for bellows driven by water wheels. An example at Upper Merrivale (in this reconstruction drawing) in the Walkham Valley on Western Dartmoor was excavated in the 1990s and was found to have been used from the 16th to the early 18th century.','/pages/smeltingmills.shtml','D','','1990','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1106','1106_impham_smelter.jpg','','Impham Smelting Mill on 1743 Bedford Estate Woodlands Map.','1743 Bedford Estate Woodlands Map','Impham Smelting Mill','1038','1038','1038','By the early 18th century, two tin smelting mills are known in the Tamar Valley, near Nuttstacks (Netstakes) on the Cornish bank of the river below Gunnislake, mentioned by Hendrik Kalmeter in 1724, and at Impham  on the Devon bank by 1743','1105','M','','1743','','','481','451','190','180','1');
makeTviaImg('1107','1107_weirquay_smelter.jpg','','Weir Quay Smelter, 1812.','1077','','Weir Quay Smelter','1081','1081','Silver lead and tin was smelted on two sites at Weir Quay near Bere Alston from the 1820s until 1896.  Christopher Gullet\'s 1780s engine house or smelting works stood on the hilltop east of Weir Quay in the late 18th-early 19th century and may be seen in this watercolour by John Savery, dated 1812 which clearly shows the quay and its Georgian quay house.','1105','A','','1812','','John Savery','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1108','1108_weirquay_uniontin_smelter.jpg','','Union Tin Smelter at Weir Quay.','Union Tin Smelter','','1107','1107','1107','The Union Tin Smelting Works of the 1830s is better preserved, although derelict. After it closed in 1896 it became a jam factory.','1105','','','1830s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1109','1109_weirquay_silverlead_slag.jpg','','Silver-Lead slag, Weir Quay.','Silver-lead slag','','1107','1107','1107','At the mouth of a little valley, down which the road from Bere Alston passes huge amounts of dark purple slag litter the hillsides above the quay and on the river beach.','1105','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1110','1110_brunton_calciner.jpg','','Brunton Calciner.','Brunton Calciner','Arsenic Works','Devon Great Consols','1094','1094','','/pages/arsenicrefineries.shtml','D','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1111','1111_brunton_driveshaft.jpg','','Driveshaft in vault under Brunton.','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1112','1112_brunton_chargingchamber.jpg','','Charging chamber in upper floor of Brunton.','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1113','1113_brunton_1920works.jpg','','Bruntons at DGC 1920s arsenic works.','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','','','1920s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1114','1114_oxland_tube.jpg','','Oxland Tube.','Oxland Tube','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','D','','1113','','','1000','895','250','220','1');
makeTviaImg('1115','1115_dgc_labyrinth.jpg','','Labyrinth at DGC 1920s arsenic works.','Labyrinth','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','','','1113','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1116','1116_dgc_1920s_grinder.jpg','','1920s grinding mill at DGC Arsenic Works.','Grinding mill','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','','','1113','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1117','1117_dgc_chimney.jpg','','1920s chimney at DGC.','Chimney','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','','','1113','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1118','1118_dgc_waterfall_chamber.jpg','','Waterfall chamber showing vertical baffle, DGC.','Waterfall chamber','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','1110','','','1113','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1119','1119_dgc_refinery.jpg','','DGC Arsenic Refinery 1867.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','1110','1110','1110','1110','The Devon Great Consols arsenic works was the most impressive, and its vast extent is shown well in this extract from the 1867 Bedford Estate Map.','1110','M','','1867','','','1000','675','250','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1120','1120_rumleigh_arsenic.jpg','','1885 Plan of Rumleigh Arsenic Works.','1885 Plan','Rumleigh Arsenic Works','Rumleigh','Bere Alston','Devon','A smaller works at Rumleigh, built in 1885, is shown on this plan, made to record its construction without permission by Thomas Westlake on land leased primarily as a brickworks!','1110','M','','1885','','','1000','675','250','160','1');
makeTviaImg('1121','1121_gawton_engineshaft_1867.jpg','','Gawton Engine Shaft head on 1867 Estate Map.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','1110','1103','1103','1103','1110','1110','M','','1867','','','853','941','210','230','1');
makeTviaImg('1122','1122_gawton_arsenic_flue.jpg','','Gawton arsenic flue c1895.','Arsenic flue','1110','1121','1121','1121','1110','1110','A','','c. 1895','','1895charcoal?','1000','700','250','175','1');
makeTviaImg('1123','1123_mwhq_walled_yards.jpg','','1840s walled yards at  Morwellham.','','1840s walled yards','1015','1015','1015','Historic maps suggest that most quays were open, with few or no buildings on them; leaving as much space as possible for goods. Sometimes walled yards might be present, such as these recently discovered at Morwellham, probably used for the storage of coal.','/pages/rivertransport_quays.shtml','','','1840s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1124','1124_mwhq_granary.jpg','','Morwellham granary and maltings, 1812 watercolour by John Savery.','1077','Granary and maltings','1015','1015','1015','This watercolour of Morwellham from 1812 shows a large granary and maltings behind it, both dating from the late 18th century.','1123','A','','1812','','John Savery','1000','553','200','110','1');
makeTviaImg('1125','1125_newquay_1812.jpg','','New Quay, 1812 watercolour by John Savery.','1077','','1075','1075','1075','A early 18th century painting of New Quay shows a substantial three storeyed warehouse, only previously known from map evidence, as it was demolished before 1867.','1123','A','','1812','','John Savery','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1126','1126_mwhq_ship_inn.jpg','','Ship Inn, C16 quay house at Morwellham.','C16 Quay House','Ship Inn','1015','1015','1015','Important quays often seem to have had a house, where the quay manager lived and business was transacted.  Morwellham had one as early as c.1235, but the current Ship Inn preserves evidence of having been built, perhaps to replace it, in the early 16th century.','1123','','','C16','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1127','1127_newquay_1743map.jpg','','New Quay on 1743 Bedford Estate Woodlands Maps.','1743 Bedford Estate Woodlands Map','','1075','1075','1075','A early 18th century painting of New Quay shows a substantial four storeyed warehouse, only previously known from map evidence, as it was demolished before 1867.','1125','M','','1743','','','600','697','200','230','1');
makeTviaImg('1128','1128_impham_quay_1768map.jpg','','Impham Quay on 1768 Bedford Estate Map.','1768 Bedford Estate Map','','Impham Quay','1038','1038','By the early 19th century however, it was normal for docks to have solid ends, although mapped representations often show tapered sides, such as this example at Impham Quay, shown on the 1768 Bedford Estate Map.','/pages/rivertransport_launchways.shtml','M','','1768','','','360','504','200','300','1');
makeTviaImg('1129','1129_mwhq_olddock.jpg','','Old Dock at Morwellham, from c.1714.','','Old Dock','1015','1015','1015','Later docks from after c.1800 tended to have parallel sides, although these are often battered in to make sure the barge remained upright as the tide receded. This photograph of the Old Dock at Morwellham shows the technique well.','1128','','','c. 1714','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1130','1130_mwhq_olddock.jpg','','Alert in the Old Dock.','','1129','1129','1129','1129','1129','1128','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1131','1131_tensioning_devices.jpg','','Tensioning devices from Morwellham Great Dock, 1858.','Tensioning devices','Great Dock','1015','1015','1015','Archaeological recording of the Morwellham Great Dock in 2007-08 showed it to have used a series of vertical piles, connected with three horizontal strakes on the dock-side face and shuttered behind with thick sawn pine boards. These were tied back with a complex array of wrought iron rods, chains, loops and tensioning devices.','1128','','','2007-8','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1132','1132_gawton_quay_1867.jpg','','Gawton Quay on 1867 Estate Map.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','','Gawton Quay','Gulworthy','Devon','This extract from the 1867 Bedford Estate Map shows the large, strangely shaped dock or pill which was in existence by 1768, a storage yard with cellars and a quay house (in pink). Several buildings associated with Gawton Mine, whose deep adit flushed the dock, were built here after 1865, when a steam pumping engine was erected.','','M','','1867','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1133','1133_gawton_quay_1895.jpg','','Gawton Quay c1895.','Painting','','1132','1132','1132','Created c.1746 by a Mr Edwards from a previously unoccupied marsh, this began as a simple barge dock within a rectangular enclosure, but gradually developed into a linear quay, half a mile long; with two barge docks of different dates.','/pages/rivertransport_gazetteer.shtml','A','','1895','','1103','1000','457','250','115','1');
makeTviaImg('1134','1134_new_quay_1768map.jpg','','New Quay, 1768 Estate Map.','1768 Bedford Estate Map','','1075','1075','1075','Created c.1746 by a Mr Edwards from a previously unoccupied marsh, this began as a simple barge dock within a rectangular enclosure, but gradually developed into a linear quay, half a mile long; with two barge docks of different dates.','1133','M','','1768','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1135','1135_okel_tor_quay.jpg','','Okel Tor Quay in 1812, by John Savery.','1077','Okel Tor Quay','Okel Tor','Calstock','Cornwall','This seems to have served Okel Tor Mine, although it is 300m downstream of the workings. The quay and its large warehouse were there by 1812, when they were sketched by John Savery.','1133','A','','1812','','John Savery','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1136','1136_cotehele_quay.jpg','','Cotehele Quay in 1812, by John Savery.','1135','Cotehele Quay','Cotehele','1135','1135','Now owned and conserved by the National Trust, this quay had two limekilns and a large three storey warehouse, shown in this watercolour by John Savery from 1812. ','1133','A','','1812','','John Savery','1000','530','250','133','1');
makeTviaImg('1137','1137_geological_map.jpg','','Geological Map.','Geological Map','','Tamar Valley','Tavistock','Devon','The Tamar and Tavy valleys between the granite masses of Dartmoor in Devon and Kit Hill/Hingston Down in Cornwall are composed of heavily faulted clay-slates known locally as \'killas\'.   Metalliferous minerals are found in  abundance in this area, which measures roughly 4½ miles north-south by 6 miles east-west.  ','/pages/surfacemining_geology.shtml','M','','','','','1000','660','300','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1138','1138_gac_copper_lode.jpg','','Copper lode in George & Charlotte Mine.','Copper Lode','','1035','1035','1035','Two faulting events are evident, the earliest being a sequence of up to 45 roughly east-west faults spanning the full north to south span of the mineralised area. At some point after these were created, igneous intrusions in the form of granite and dolerite brought minerals into these faults, creating lodes, mostly of tin, copper, arsenic and iron pyrites, with lesser quantities of other minerals.','1137','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1139','1139_crosscourse_tavistockcanaltunnel.jpg','','Cross course in Tavistock Canal Tunnel.','Cross course','1013','1013','1013','1013','A later and lesser event produced about 30 north-south faults, most of which were later filled with clay, breaking up and displacing the east-west mineralised faults.  These were generally known to miners as \'cross-courses\', the most famous being the Great Cross-Course which heaved the Devon Great Consols Main Lode 17 1/2; fathoms (a fathom is six feet) to the great consternation of the miners.','1137','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1140','1140_lodeback_pits_lode17.jpg','','Small lodeback pits, Lode 17.','Lodeback pits','Impham Valley','1038','1038','1038','Lodeback workings could take the form of lodeback pits, openworks or gunnises.  Lodeback pits were roughly circular, dug through the overburden of topsoil and subsoil down to the bedrock.  These pits could be of varying dimensions, from about 2m wide and 1m deep, to enormous craters up to 15m across by as much as 5m deep.  These pits usually followed the line of a lode, but where several small lodes lay side by side, or branched off the main lode, random pitting might be employed, creating a cratered moonscape up to 50m wide.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes16_20.shtml','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1141','1141_lodeback_pits_impham.jpg','','Large lodeback pit on possible Impham Crown  tinwork, 1539.','Lodeback pits','Impham Crown tinwork','1038','1038','1038','1140','1140','','','1539','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1142','1142_openwork_impham.jpg','','Openwork, Possibly Impham Crown tinwork of 1539.','Openwork','1141','1141','1141','1141','Openworks were usually developed from lodeback pits, the intervening ground being taken out, leaving an irregular trench or gully, exposing the back of the lode at its bottom.','1140','','','1539','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1143','1143_gac_gunnis.jpg','','George and Charlotte C18 gunnis.','Gunnis','','1138','1138','1138','Both lodes were heavily worked on with evidence for largely infilled gunnises from half-way up the valley-side to the top of the wood. Short lengths of gunnis, open for up to 3m deep with associated ancient building platforms to the north side are visible in the higher wood between the C19 Captain\'s House and the top of the slope, while evidence for C19 infill of a former gunnis up to 30m deep has been found in Middle Adit.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes6_10.shtml#lode8','','','C18','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1144','1144_goodluck_copperwork.jpg','','Good Luck Copper Work, 1720.','Gunnis','','Good Luck Copper Work','Gulworthy','Devon','Recorded in a lease of 1718 (DRO) as the Good Luck Copper Work, and worked on in a westerly direction from the medieval Lobscombe road into Waterhall Wood, with a short gunnis on a 45 degree northerly underlie.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes6_10.shtml#lode10a','','','1720','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1145','1145_lode12_gunnis.jpg','','Gunnis on Lode 12, possibly early C18.','Gunnis','','Morwell Wood','1015','1015','A short trial adit or possibly an openwork, 200m north of Lode 10c, driven into the river cliff on a SW to NE alignment.  The portal has collapsed and the dump largely cut through by the Endsleigh Drive of 1813, making its original size uncertain.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes11_15.shtml#lode12','','','C18','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1146','1146_morwell_hatch_cragworking.jpg','','Morwell Hatch cragworking.','Cragworking','','Morwell Hatch','1145','1145','Begins to the west as a crag working with an open gunnis, visibly climbing the outer face of Pleasure Rock: a 120ft sheer cliff rising above the River Tamar at Impham Turn. Early C18 or earlier, possibly known then and previously as Morwell Hatch, reworked early-mid C19 with a 150m long adit driven on lode.  Suggestions of other crag workings are present on the precipitous flanks of Pleasure Rock.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes11_15.shtml#lode14','','','Early C18','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1147','1147_morwell_hatch_gunnis.jpg','','Morwell Hatch, gunnis with rock pillar.','Gunnis','','1146','1146','1146','1146','1146','','','1146','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1148','1148_holmingbeam_pits.jpg','','Pitting on Holming Beam cropped.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','Pitting on Holming Beam Lode','1013','1013','1013','This area of working extends for some distance, running along the southern edge of the western half of the wood and extending into the fields just to the south-east, where a triangular area of intense surface pitting is shown on the 1768 map and appears little changed since.  In this locality, the pits occasionally give way to substantial openworks up to 4m deep.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes16_20.shtml#lode16','M','','1867','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1149','1149_impham_gunnis_south.jpg','','Impham Gunnis (south).','Gunnis','Impham Gunnis (south)','1038','1038','1038','A pair of substantial and impressive vertical gunnises can be seen on the south-eastern edge of Impham Valley about 150m east of its confluence with the Tamar.  These are classic examples of their type and were already old and worked out to some depth below adit when the Tavistock Canal Company reworked them in 1808, driving an adit from the river bank to the west.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes16_20.shtml#lode17','','','Early C18','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1150','1150_impham_gunnis_north.jpg','','Impham Gunnis (north).','1149','Impham Gunnis (north)','1149','1149','1149','1149','1149','','','1149','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1151','1151_impham_gunnis_south.jpg','','Gunnis at Impham Mine, early C18.','1149','1150','1149','1149','1149','1149','1149','','','1149','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1152','1152_impham_gunnis_north.jpg','','Impham Gunnis (north), interior.','1149','1150','1149','1149','1149','1149','1149','','','1151','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1153','1153_impham_cottage.jpg','','Impham Cottage.','Cottage','Impham Cottage','1149','1149','1149','A series of lodeback workings runs across the steeply sloping valley side in the southern part of Hatch Wood and crosses the upper part of the Impham Valley obliquely just north of Impham Cottage.  This ruined house of before 1768 may have been the Captain\'s House of this or Impham Mine, a suggestion made more convincing by its close proximity to Chimney Rock Lode\'s shallow adit and its small cobbing floor.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes16_20.shtml#lode20','','','c. 1768','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1154','1154_impham_crown.jpg','','Impham Crown openwork.','Openwork','Impham Crown openwork','1149','1149','1149','Beyond the former Down hedge, which is about 150m east of the railway, these pits become very large, being 10-12m wide by up to 4m deep, covering an area two or three pits across and about 40m wide.  A further 100m on, the pits run into each other and become a very large openwork, 40-50m wide and up to 10m deep.  Occasional pits in the floor suggest the former positions of shafts or \'hatches\' and the lode clearly curves around slightly to the south.','1153','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1155','1155_impham_crown.jpg','','Possibly Impham Crown openwork, east of road.','1154','1154','1149','1149','1149','Between this road and that to Tavistock from the Rock crossroads, a single line of large lodeback pits, some running into each other to form short openworks, continues in a beech plantation, while east of the road, a dark mark denoting deeper soil is visible on the 1946 RAF APs.','1153','','','1154','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1156','1156_wheal_luscombe.jpg','','Wheal Luscombe openwork.','Openwork','Wheal Luscombe','Luscombe','Gulworthy','Devon','The best preserved sections lie within Luscombedown Plantation, running down to the Tamar in Hatch Wood.  The last 150m of the lode before the river is obscured by 19th century waste dumps, but the workings recommence on the opposite side of the river, where they were worked as far back as the 16th century, creating the vast openwork of Gunnislake Old Mine, which ran through the centre of the village and is still visible today as a topographical feature.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes21_25.shtml#lode24','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1157','1157_phillips_lode_gunnis.jpg','','Gunnis on Phillips\' Lode.','Gunnis','Phillip\'s Lode','1037','1037','1037','Worked before 1700 for tin, a narrow infilled gunnis is visible in the wood just east of the river.  This is about 70m long, continuing beyond for a further 100m as a line of lodeback pits/infilled shafts.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes31_35.shtml#lode31','','','c. C17','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1158','1158_marquis_gunnis.jpg','','Gunnis at Marquis Copper Work, c.1707.','Gunnis','','1032','1032','1032','The western end of the working close to the river preserves a substantial openwork with two gunnises, worked from 1707 as the Bedford & Marquis Copper Works.  These were later amalgamated.  The upper working with a tall gunnis in a crag is shown here.  This is now gated to protect bats, access being controlled by Plymouth Caving Group.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes31_35.shtml#lode32','','','c. 1707','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1159','1159_tavistockcopper_crag.jpg','','Crag working at the Tavistock Copper Work, c.1710.','Cragworking','','Tavistock Copper Work','Tavistock','Devon','This lode, worked for copper and tin at various points along its length, may start near Bitthams on the Cornish bank of the Tamar, but its most westerly early workings are visible at Wheal Frementor, close to an outcrop of granite, where the lode ends abruptly at the Great Cross-Course, which split the workings at Devon Great Consols Main Lode (Lode 35) 1200m to the north-west.','/pages/surfacemining_lodes31_35.shtml#lode33','','','c. 1710','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1160','1160_frementor_gunnis.jpg','','Frementor Gunnis.','Gunnis','','Wheal Frementor','Gulworthy','Devon','This substantial and important working is first recorded as a tinwork in the later 17th century as Fremator or Fremingtor (Bedford Papers, DRO).  A vertical bunch of rich tin was found here and worked in a very impressive gunnis which remains open to the sky, measuring 8m wide, 30m deep and 200m long.','1159','','','c. Late C17','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1161','1161_marquis_deep_adit.jpg','','Marquis deep adit.','Adit','Marquis Deep Adit','1032','1032','1032','Both of these levels survive as tall gunnises, opening onto the river cliff above the Tamar.  The lower of the two is the earliest, formerly called the Bedford Work.  This later became the deep adit for the united mines, which became known as the Marquis Work.','/pages/miningtincopper.shtml','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1162','1162_coffin_level.jpg','','Old Men\'s coffin level.','Coffin level','Old Men\'s coffin level','Christian Ann Copper Work','Morwellham','Devon','This adit, driven to drain the Christian Ann copper work west of Morwellham but never finished, illustrates this well, being a classic \'coffin level\', due to its tall narrow profile, wider at the top.  This was designed to accommodate miners who carried waste rock and ore in baskets or bags on their shoulders.','1161','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1163','1163_gac_middle_adit.jpg','','George and Charlotte Middle Adit portal section.','Portal section','Middle Adit','1035','1035','1035','This section of the George & Charlotte Mine\'s middle adit shows the typical enlargement on the footwall (left) side of the level.  Levels used by barrows often retain a longitudinal running plank, supported on transverse sleepers.','1161','S','','','','','1200','1761','240','320','1');
makeTviaImg('1164','1164_deads_sollaring.jpg','','Deads on timber sollaring, in Trelawney Consols, Calstock.','Deads on timber sollaring','Trelawney Consols Deep Adit','Trelawney Consols','Calstock','Cornwall','As much as possible, waste rock (known as \'deads\') was dumped underground, on timber platforms in the worked-out stopes. This was especially important on mine sites on the steeply sloping valley sides, where surface dumping space was at a premium.','1161','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1165','1165_flatrod_trench.jpg','','DGC flatrod trench, 1849.','Flatrod trench','','1110','1110','1110','This new form of mining relied heavily on water power which produced large quantities of dedicated associated structures, some built of mortared killas, which in addition to the leat systems and wheel pits, could include long straight trenches, carrying flatrods across undulating ground from the water wheel to the pumping shaft; stone flatrod towers which carried the rods across deep valleys or roads; and balance bob pits to contain the see-saw mechanism which counterbalanced the pump rods in the shaft.','1161','','','1849','','','672','504','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1166','1166_flatrod_tower.jpg','','Flatrod tower between Counthouse and Railway Shafts, DGC.','Flatrod Tower','Flatrod tower between Counthouse and Railway Shafts','1165','1165','1165','1165','1161','','','1165','','','504','672','150','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1167','1167_balance_bob_pit.jpg','','Balance bob pit, George and Charlotte mine.','Balance bob pit','','1163','1163','1163','1165','1161','','','','','','576','432','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1168','1168_powder_magazine.jpg','','Powder magazine at Wheal Russell.','Powder Magazine','','Wheal Russell','Gulworthy','Devon','Many stone buildings were constructed for various purposes including powder magazines, offices, smithies, ore breaking sheds and captains\' houses.','1161','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1169','1169_smithy_wheal_russell.jpg','','Smithy at Wheal Russell.','Smithy','','1168','1168','1168','1168','1161','','','1168','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1170','1170_wheal_russell_captainshouse.jpg','','Wheal Russell Captain\'s house.','Captain\'s House','','1168','1168','1168','1168','1161','','','1168','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1171','1171_bedford_ladderway.jpg','','1920s ladderway in Bedford Consols Mine.','Ladderway','','Bedford Consols Mine','Gulworthy','Devon','Worked on three levels in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Shallow Adit is open, being driven on lode for some distance in a north-easterly direction.  Near its inner end, a compartmented raise contains a well preserved timber ladder and kibble road, leading to a higher internal level.','/pages/mining_lodes1_5.shtml','','','1920s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1172','1172_bedford_ladderway.jpg','','1171','1171','','1171','1171','1171','1171','1171','','1171','1171','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1173','1173_gac_1867map.jpg','','George and Charlotte on 1867 Estate Map.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','','1163','1163','1163','The mine appears to have been renamed by the 1760s, after the then monarch George III and his wife. A mineral dues list in the Bedford papers refers to its working in this period under a captain called Nathaniel Smith (Bedford Estate Letters, Mining & Canals, DRO). His name is listed with several mines, suggesting that he was peripatetic, having part-time responsibility for them all.','/pages/mining_lodes6_10.shtml#lode8','M','','1867','','','1200','1056','300','250','1');
makeTviaImg('1174','1174_gac_middle_adit_roller.jpg','','Section of George and Charlotte Middle Adit with chain roller.','Adit section and chain roller','1163','1163','1163','1163','Engine Shaft (which may have been earlier) was sunk to 54fms and was connected with the 40ft diameter No. 2 wheel via a short run of flat rods: the wheel also probably ventilated Cross-course Shaft via a horizontal chain on pulleys in Middle Adit, and hauled ore to the dressing floors via Engine Shaft.','1173','S','','','','','1200','1820','240','340','1');
makeTviaImg('1175','1175_southbedford_dump.jpg','','Arches in South Bedford dump retaining wall.','Retaining wall arches','South Bedford Dump','1041','1041','1041','The dumps surrounding these shafts are retained from the river bank by a high stone wall pierced by decorative arches.  ','/pages/mining_lodes21_27.shtml#lode23','','','','','','640','480','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1176','1176_whealcrebor_section.jpg','','Wheal Crebor long section 1810.','Long section','Wheal Crebor long section','Wheal Crebor','Tavistock','Devon','This was the most productive mine in the district in the period immediately preceding the discovery of Devon Great Consols in 1844, and the mine was worked on several lengthy occasions between 1803 and 1902. The mine\'s dressing floors were on an artificially levelled area 100m east of the canal tunnel portal, and are well documented through a sequence of historic maps and plans.','/pages/mining_lodes21_27.shtml#lode25','S','','1810','','','1600','836','320','168','1');
makeTviaImg('1177','1177_whealcrebor_incline.jpg','','Wheal Crebor Inclined Shaft sections, 1812.','Shaft section','Wheal Crebor Inclined Shaft','1176','1176','1176','Adjoining the canal tunnel portal is the Inclined Shaft, sunk on the line of Lode 25 at an angle of about 38 degrees between 1808 and 1812. This was the world\'s second inclined railway shaft, driven by a water wheel in a rock-cut chamber alongside, and was the principal means of bringing ore to the surface until the 1820s.','1176','S','','1812','','','1600','647','350','225','1');
makeTviaImg('1178','1178_whealcrowndale_plan.jpg','','Wheal Crowndale surface plan, from 1803 canal survey.','Surface plan','','Wheal Crowndale','1176','1176','As many as seventeen shafts were recorded at Wheal Crowndale in the 19th century, which like William & Mary Mine (Lode 9) denotes an early working with large stopes near to surface. At least one shaft is known to lie in the bottom of the partially filled openwork between the canal and the Tavistock to Shillamill road, while several appear to have been sited just north of its line, presumably to cut the lode at depth.','/pages/mining_lodes21_27.shtml#lode24','P','','1803','','','1200','982','240','180','1');
makeTviaImg('1179','1179_phillips_wheelpit.jpg','','Water wheel pit north of Phillips Lode, Bedford Utd.','Water wheel pit','Phillips Lode','1037','1037','1037','Two water wheels are known to have worked the Marquis and Phillips Lodes, both on the northern side of the little valley crossed by Phillips Lode at the southern end of Hangingcliff Wood. The southern wheel at  SX 4385 7253 drove pumps in Phillips\' Shaft a short distance to its south-west, and a 380m run of flatrods to a lift of pumps in Marquis Engine Shaft to its north-east.','/pages/mining_lodes31_34.shtml#lode32','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1180','1180_phillips_shaft.jpg','','Collapsed neck of Phillips Shaft, Bedford Utd.','Shaft section','Phillips Shaft','1179','1179','1179','Phillips\' Engine Shaft has collapsed, leaving an enormous crater with timbers projecting from its sides.','1179','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1181','1181_phillips_pelton_pipe.jpg','','1920s iron feed pipe for Pelton turbine, Phillips Engine Shaft.','Pelton turbin feed pipe','Phillips Engine Shaft','1179','1179','1179','A flatrod trench leads down the hillside to the shaft, while a large iron pipe seems to have driven a water turbine in the shaft during the 1920s period of working.','1179','','','1920s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1182','1182_marquis_riser.jpg','','Marquis Shaft rising main and sump box on left and pump rod, right.','Rising main and sump box','Marquis Shaft','1037','1037','1037','Marquis Shaft was also pumped by a beam engine later in the 19th century and steam power was also used for winding. The pump rods and riser pipes remain in-situ underground in Marquis Shaft and can be viewed on trips organised occasionally by Plymouth Caving Group, who hold the key to the gated access.','1179','','','C19','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1183','1183_marquis_launders.jpg','','1920s launders in Marquis Deep Adit.','1920s launders','Marquis Deep Adit','1182','1182','1182','1182','1179','','','1920s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1184','1184_marquis_riser_sections.jpg','','Stacked rising main sections on edge of Marquis Engine Shaft.','Rising main sections','Marquis Engine Shaft','1182','1182','1182','1182','1179','','','1183','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1185','1185_luscombe_crebor_1816plan.jpg','','Plan of Luscombe, Crebor & Crowndale lode, c1816.','Plan','Luscombe, Crebor and Crowndale lode','1176','1176','1176','The next steam engine recorded on a Tamar Valley metal mine was a pumping and winding engine of unknown form, installed by the Wheal Luscombe adventurers in 1811 on a shaft east of the Tamar opposite Gunnislake.  This is shown in an extract from a long section of the Luscombe and Crebor Lodes made in 1812 at a time when the Luscombe adventurers were arguing over sett rights and pumping methods with the Tavistock Canal Company.','/pages/steampower_early.shtml','M','','c.1816','','','1499','497','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1186','1186_tavistock_penny.jpg','','Tavistock Penny, 1811.','Tavistock Penny','','','','','It is probable that the Wheal Luscombe engine is the one featured on the Tavistock Penny of 1811, which shows a very similar house.','1185','D','','1811','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1187','1187_welded_bar_rail.jpg','','New Quay tramway, welded bar rail.','Welded bar rail','1089','1089','1089','1089','The earliest form seems to have used hammer-welded wrought iron lugs with a single nail hole, either projecting from one side or placed across the rail foot with a pair of fixing holes. Each rail might be 8 feet long, having two or three of these lugs, which were augmented by interval sleepers with slots sawn in their upper faces to support the rails. Two sites have produced this type of rail - Bedford Consols Shallow Adit and the New Quay Lime Kiln tramway, which dates from 1825-26.','/pages/railtransport.shtml','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1188','1188_slotted_sleeper.jpg','','Wheal Russell, slotted sleeper.','Slotted sleeper','','1168','1168','1168','1187','1187','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1189','1189_ecmr_chair.jpg','','East Cornwall Mineral Railway chair, 1872.','Chair','East Cornwall Mineral Railway','1024','1024','1024','East Cornwall Mineral Railway, 1872-1906; Rolled wrought iron flat-bottomed rails set in screw-bolted cast iron chairs on transverse timber sleepers. 3ft 6in gauge, converted to standard gauge and line partly re-routed 1904-1909.','/pages/railtransport_gazetteer.shtml','','','1872','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1190','1190_baulk_road_traverse_chair.jpg','','Transverse chair for baulk road, New Quay Limekiln.','Baulk road transverse chair','1187','1187','1187','1187','The first variation to this form which used chairs may have co-existed with the simpler form, as both are found together on the New Quay tramway.  Here, the chairs were of two pieces of shaped and folded wrought iron, riveted and hammer-welded together.  Several different types of these chairs survive, some with transverse fixings for conventional sleepers; others with axial fixings for baulk road, possibly on timber trestle viaducts which were used on the limekiln\'s inclined plane.','1187','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1191','1191_cast_iron_chair.jpg','','New Quay tramway, cast iron chairs.','Cast iron chairs','1187','1187','1187','1187','The third type of bar rail fixing seems to have come later, perhaps in the 1840s-50s, as it used cast iron chairs at intersections and sometimes halfway along the rail, in conjunction with slotted sleepers.','1187','','','1840s-1850s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1192','1192_cast_bar_rail_chair.jpg','','New Quay tramway, cast bar rail chair.','Cast bar rail chair','1187','1187','1187','1187','1191','1187','','','1191','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1193','1193_cast_bar_rail_chair.jpg','','New Quay, axial cast iron bar rail chair.','Cast iron axial bar rail chair','1187','1187','1187','1187','1191','1187','','','1191','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1194','1194_trelawney_bar_railway.jpg','','1845-48 bar railway, Trelawney Consols, Calstock.','Bar railway','','1164','1164','1164','The third type of bar rail fixing seems to have come later, perhaps in the 1840s-50s, as it used cast iron chairs at intersections and sometimes halfway along the rail, in conjunction with slotted sleepers. The only well-preserved site where these can be found is the deep crosscut adit at Trelawney Consols, Calstock, with occasional evidence in the Marquis Lode at Bedford United mine.','1187','','','1845-48','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1195','1195_trelawney_bar_railway.jpg','','Detail of Trelawney bar railway.','Bar railway detail','','1194','1194','1194','1194','1187','','','1194','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1196','1196_trelawney_cast_chair.jpg','','Trelawney cast iron chair.','Cast iron chair','','1194','1194','1194','1194','1187','','','1194','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1197','1197_bealswood_wagon.jpg','','Bealswood Brickworks wagon.','Brickworks wagon','1024','1059','1059','1059','This wrought iron wagon was used to move bricks at Bealswood brickworks and is now in the Morwellham Railway museum.','/pages/bricksandtiles_morwellham.shtml#bealswood','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1198','1198_canal_incline_chair.jpg','','Canal Incline 1855 chair.','Chair','1018','1018','1018','1018','1197','1187','','','1855','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1199','1199_bridge_rail.jpg','','Wrought iron bridge rail.','Wrought iron bridge rail','1024','1024','1024','1024','Rolled wrought iron I section rails in cast iron chairs on slate sleeper blocks were used in 1844-46 on the Mill Hill Tramway, laid to replace the Tavistock Canal\'s Mill Hill branch. In 1855, an identical railway was laid to replace the inclined plane and most of the quayside railways between the canal terminus and Morwellham. This appears to have been the latest railway in South-West England to use stone sleeper blocks, laid in axial trenches cut into the trackbed.','1187','','','1858','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1200','1200_dgc_bridge_rail.jpg','','Wrought iron bridge rails from DGC Railway, 1858.','1199','1199','1199','1199','1199','Larger section bridge rail at 39lb per yard was used on the standard gauge railway laid in   1857-58 to connect the mine with Morwellham Quay.','1187','','','1858','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1201','1201_flat_bottomed_rail.jpg','','Steel flat bottomed rail, early-mid C20.','Steel flat bottomed rail','1199','1199','1199','1199','Flat bottomed rail does not appear to have been introduced until the very late 19th century, examples surviving in Bedford Consols Shallow and Middle Adits, and at Wheal Frementor from the 1920s periods of working.','1187','','','Early-mid C20','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1202','1202_mwhq_plates.jpg','','Various Morwellham plate rails.','Plate rails','1199','1199','1199','1199','Morwellham Incline and spurs, 1816-1869, possibly in part until 1880s as internal system. Extensive re-cycling of other plate rails, possibly from systems above, up to 1855. Unique use of trough rails as part of an edge railway system on Limekiln Quay and General Quay, possibly after 1855, with flanges running in trough. Ordinary rails were L section (several types including a few rare wrought iron), trough section (two types), pinned down to granite sleeper-blocks to 4ft 2in (nominal) gauge.','/pages/railtransport_gazetteer.shtml','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1203','1203_mwhq_plate_variants.jpg','','Morwellham plate variants.','Plate rail variants','1199','1199','1199','1199','1202','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1204','1204_mwhq_fishbelly_plates.jpg','','Morwellham fishbellied plates.','Fishbellied plates','1199','1199','1199','1199','1202','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1205','1205_mwhq_shapedend_plates.jpg','','Morwellham plate rails with shaped ends.','Plate rails - shaped ends','1199','1199','1199','1199','1202','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1206','1206_mwhq_troughrail.jpg','','1816 trough section plate variants, Morwellham.','Plate rails - trough section','1199','1199','1199','1199','1202','1202','','','1816','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1207','1207_wagon_bearings.jpg','','Canal Incline wagon bearings, Morwellham.','Canal Incline wagon bearings','1018','1018','1018','1018','Two known wagon types, probably included end and side tippers and possibly flats for transporting granite. Several wagon parts including bearings and wheels are in the site finds store.','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1208','1208_incline_wheel_inside.jpg','','Canal Incline plateway wheel, inside view.','Canal Incline Plateway Wheel','1207','1207','1207','1207','1207','1202','','1207','1207','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1209','1209_incline_wheel_outside.jpg','','Canal Incline plateway wheel, outside view.','1208','1207','1207','1207','1207','1207','1202','','1207','1207','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1210','1210_newquay_flanged.jpg','','Flanged wheel from New Quay tramway.','Flanged wheel','1075','1075','1075','1075','Several wagon remains were also found, including a 15½in diameter flanged wheel and a wagon side extension panel. Many of these finds are kept in the finds store at Morwellham Quay Museum.','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1211','1211_inside_extension_plate.jpg','','Inside view of extension plate, New Quay wagon.','Wagon extension plate','1210','1210','1210','1210','1210','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1212','1212_outside_extension_plate.jpg','','Outside view of extension plate, New Quay wagon.','1211','1210','1210','1210','1210','1210','1202','','1211','1211','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1213','1213_mwhq_t_rail.jpg','','T rail in-situ on Limekiln Quay, Morwellham.','T rail in-situ','Limekiln Quay','1198','1198','1198','Wrought iron rails of 4ft 3in to 4ft 3½in gauge (two sizes) & cast iron chairs (two types); cast iron T-section rails (used in conjunction with trough section plate rails). Flanged wheels of 12in and 15in diameter with severe wear from two sizes of bar rail, includes two complete wheelsets with axles of 4ft 3½in gauge. This is an important, multi-phase site, despite the lack of recorded contexts for many of the finds.','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1214','1214_mwhq_t_rail_detail.jpg','','T rail detail, Morwellham.','T rail detail','1213','1198','1198','1198','1213','1202','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1215','1215_newquay_flanged.jpg','','Flanged wheel inner, New Quay.','Flanged wheel','1210','1210','1210','1210','1213','1202','','1210','1210','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1216','1216_limekiln_wheelset.jpg','','Morwellham Limekiln incline, 1855 wagon wheelsets.','Wagon wheelsets','1080','1080','1080','1080','Flanged wheels of 12in and 15in diameter with severe wear from two sizes of bar rail, includes two complete wheelsets with axles of 4ft 3½in gauge.','1202','','','1855','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1217','1217_gac_bar_chair.jpg','','Bar rail chair, George and Charlotte mine.','Bar rail chair','','1035','1035','1035','Wrought iron rails and cast iron chairs. Only one broken chair known, from which presence of bar railway inferred. No evidence for railways underground.','1202','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1218','1218_chaired_sleeper.jpg','','Wheal Russell, chaired sleeper.','Chaired sleeper','','1168','1168','1168','This is an important site for bar railway remains, with an extraordinary variety of artefacts. Wrought iron rails (mostly removed for scrap), cast iron chairs (mixed sizes) and substantial dumps of slotted sleepers at intervals along level.','1202','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1219','1219_wheal_russell_sleeper_dump.jpg','','Wheal Russell sleeper dump.','Sleeper dump','','1218','1218','1218','1218','1202','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1220','1220_newquay_bar_rail.jpg','','New Quay tramway, bar rail with wrought iron chairs.','Bar rail with wrought iron chairs','1210','1210','1210','1210','The first variation to this form which used chairs may have co-existed with the simpler form, as both are found together on the New Quay tramway.  Here, the chairs were of two pieces of shaped and folded wrought iron, riveted and hammer-welded together.  Several different types of these chairs survive, some with transverse fixings for conventional sleepers; others with axial fixings for baulk road, possibly on timber trestle viaducts which were used on the limekiln\'s inclined plane.','1202','','1210','1210','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1221','1221_mwhq_1868photograph.jpg','','C.1868 photograph.','1868 photograph','1131','1131','1131','1131','These quays and their associated railways were built during 1857-58, and their rapid construction methods are more typical of colonial industrial ports.  This was primarily due to the nature of the ground, being soft river clay under a wet marsh, meaning that stone could not be used; timber piles instead being employed, with shuttering to hold back the mud and wrought iron ties to keep the timbers upright.  The piling was continued along the river frontages in addition to the docksides and can be clearly seen in this photograph from c.1868, at the height of the port\'s wealth.','/pages/dgc_excavations2007.shtml','','','1868','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1222','1222_mwhq_bedford_estate_map1867.jpg','','1867 Bedford Estate Map.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','1221','1221','1221','1221','Extract from the 1867 Bedford Estate map showing the great dock and railways.','1221','M','1221','1867','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1223','1223_greatdock_1903photograph.jpg','','1903 photograph showing the Great Dock and the DGC incline tunnel portal.','1903 photograph','1221','1221','1221','1221','These quays and their associated railways were built during 1857-58, and their rapid construction methods are more typical of colonial industrial ports.  This was primarily due to the nature of the ground, being soft river clay under a wet marsh, meaning that stone could not be used; timber piles instead being employed, with shuttering to hold back the mud and wrought iron ties to keep the timbers upright.  The piling was continued along the river frontages in addition to the docksides and can be clearly seen in this photograph of 1903, taken just before the quays\' abandonment.','1221','','1221','1903','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1224','1224_greatdock_1903photograph.jpg','','1903 photograph showing a vessel at the entrance to the Great Dock.','1223','1221','1221','1221','1221','1223','1221','','1221','1223','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1225','1225_collapsed_dockside.jpg','','Collapsed dockside, before rebuilding.','Collapsed dockside','1221','1221','1221','1221','Although the piled sides of the Great Dock had been reconstructed in 1978-79, insufficient ties to hold the sides back had been installed then and the dock sides had begun to fail, with dangerous voids forming behind the shuttering and one section falling forward into the mud.','1221','','1221','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1226','1226_westside_trench_layers.jpg','','Layers exposed in west side trench.','Sequence of layers','1221','1221','1221','1221','Subsidence along the edge of the Great Dock was the subject of an archaeological watching brief by Robert Waterhouse, Site Archaeologist for Morwellham Quay.  Long sections of the ringbeam trenches were recorded, revealing multiple layers of fill above black sticky mud.','1221','','1221','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1227','1227_crowsfoot_chaintie.jpg','','Crowsfoot chain tie, c.1893.','Crowsfoot chain tie','1221','1221','1221','1221','Many interesting finds were made, including several late 19th century emergency chain ties, installed when the original, inadequate ties began to fail.','1221','','1221','1893','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1228','1228_bottle_nuts.jpg','','Threaded bottle nuts, 1858.','Threaded bottle nuts','1221','1221','1221','1221','Many interesting finds were made, including several late 19th century emergency chain ties, installed when the original, inadequate ties began to fail.  Threaded \'bottle nuts\' were used to tension the ties, laid out between timber ground anchors and wrought iron rings on the dockside.','1221','','1221','1858','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1229','1229_tierod_shackle.jpg','','Tie rod and shackle, 1858.','Tie rod and shackle','1221','1221','1221','1221','1227','1221','','1221','1858','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1230','1230_ground_anchor.jpg','','Timber ground anchor, c.1893.','Ground anchor','1221','1221','1221','1221','1227','1221','','1221','c. 1893','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1231','1231_reused_ground_anchor.jpg','','Re-used pile ground anchor, c.1893.','1230','1221','1221','1221','1221','1227','1221','','1221','1230','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1232','1232_restraining_loops.jpg','','Wrought iron restraining loops, 1858.','Wrought iron restraining loops','1221','1221','1221','1221','1227','1221','','1221','1858','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1233','1233_restraining_loops.jpg','','Wrought iron restraining loops, 1858 and c.1893.','1232','1221','1221','1221','1221','1227','1221','','1221','1858 and c. 1893','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1234','1234_timber_crane_base.jpg','','Timber crane base during excavation.','Crane base','1221','1221','1221','1221','The timber base of the dockside crane and the ground anchor for one of its associated shearlegs were also found and recorded.  This conforms to 19th century manuals of crane construction, but is believed to be the first one of its type to be found in South-West England.','1221','','1221','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1235','1235_shearleg_post.jpg','','Shearleg restraining post.','Shearleg restraining post','1221','1221','1221','1221','1234','1221','','1234','1234','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1236','1236_upstream1812.jpg','','Morwellham, looking upstream, 1812.','1077','Morwellham Village','1015','1015','1015','Morwellham is one of the earliest documented river quays on the tidal Tamar. It was first referred to in a lease of c.1235 and seems to have been the main trading connection with the outside world for the Benedictine Abbey of Tavistock, whose quay house there was mentioned in the lease.','/pages/morwellham.shtml','A','','1812','','John Savery?','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1237','1237_village_centre_1867map.jpg','','1867 Estate Map of village centre.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','1236','1236','1236','1236','The industrialisation of the quay continued with the arrival of the Tavistock Canal in 1817, which was connected to the port via an inclined plane with numerous plateway sidings radiating out onto the quays.','1236','M','','1867','','','900','1305','260','340','1');
makeTviaImg('1238','1238_old_dock_apr2008.jpg','','Old Dock, April 2008.','','1129','1129','1129','1129','The first developments associated with the burgeoning Industrial Revolution began in 1714 when the Gill family first took a lease of the quay. This development ultimately took the form of a large level quay, extended across former saltmarshes, flanking the west side of Morwellham Pill, a managed channel through the saltmarshes. The first dock (now known as the Old Dock), was created here by constructing parallel revetment walls to hold back the mud and forming a stony bottom to the dock. ','1236','','1129','2008','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1239','1239_managers_house.jpg','','Manager\'s House, south front.','','Manager\'s House','1015','1015','1015','The quay\'s industrial development was kickstarted in 1787 when a new lease was arranged.  A new dock and several buildings including a walled storage yard, a manager\'s house, a limekiln and an extension to the quay house were put up between 1787 and 1791, while more buildings and a third dock (now the Manganese Dock) had been added by the time the lease was finally signed in 1803.','1236','','','1787-91','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1240','1240_higmans_cottage.jpg','','Higman\'s Cottage, late C18.','','Higman\'s Cottage','1015','1015','1015','1239','1236','','','Late C18','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1241','1241_manganese_dock.jpg','','Manganese Dock.','Dock','Managanese Dock','1015','1015','1015','1239','1236','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1242','1242_morwellham1812.jpg','','Morwellham in 1812.','1077','1236','1236','1236','1236','1239','1236','A','','1812','','John Savery?','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1243','1243_plateway_siding1816.jpg','','1816 plateway siding.','Plateway Siding','1021','1021','1021','1021','1237','1236','','1021','1816','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1244','1244_crane_base_publicquay.jpg','','1840s crane base on Public Quay.','Crane base','Public Quay','1015','1015','1015','A manganese mill was added by 1820 and the quays were extended both up and downstream, with several cranes, such as this complex cast iron crane base, probably erected by Gill & Company in the 1840s, found in 2008.','1236','','','1840s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1245','1245_crane_base_publicquay.jpg','','1840s crane base on Public Quay showing iron ties.','1244','1244','1244','1244','1244','1244','1236','','1244','1244','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1246','1246_higher_copper_quay.jpg','','Higher Copper Quay before 1914, looking east.','','Higher Copper Quay','1015','1015','1015','When Queen Victoria alighted at the Higher Copper Quay in 1856 on her way to the Duke of Bedford\'s country retreat near Milton Abbot, the Royal party had to pick their way through piles of copper ore heaped there.','1236','','1021','1914','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1247','1247_feedpipes.jpg','','Placement of feed pipes for power station, 1933.','Power station feed pipes','1015','1015','1015','1015','In addition to various low-key mining projects, Reggie Toll carried out engineering projects such as the conversion of the Tavistock Canal to drive a hydro-electric power station in 1933.','1236','','1015','1933','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1248','1248_morwellham_kiln_bank.jpg','','Small limekiln.','Limekiln','1078','1078','1078','1078','This small limekiln is being subjected to a programme of archaeological excavation and survey during 2008, in advance of stonework conservation. It is thought to have been built between 1787 and 1791 by Gill and Company, in advance of the signing of a new lease. It seems to have gone out of use in the 1850s and its well and forebuilding were subsequently filled in with a mixture of domestic rubbish, soil and demolition rubble.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_smalllimekiln.shtml','P','','1787-91','','','1580','1060','300','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1249','1249_maltings.jpg','','Maltings and tenement block.','Maltings and tenement block','1124','1124','1124','1124','This was surveyed and interpreted in 1991 and showed the maltings to contain much re-used 16th to 17th century architectural granite, which may have come from a high status building in the vicinity.','/pages/morwellham_survey.shtml','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1250','1250_granite_post.jpg','','C16 granite door post, re-used in 1780s yard wall.','Granite door post','1236','1236','1236','1236','1249','1249','','','C16','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1251','1251_pigsty.jpg','','Bedford Estate standard pigsty, 1850s.','1850s pigsty','1250','1250','1250','1250','Two pigsty blocks and a communal privy were recorded near the maltings, which served a conversion of the maltings in 1856 to twelve tenements.','1249','','','1850s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1252','1252_ship_inn.jpg','','Ship Inn, C16 Quay House. Front view from southwest.','1126','1126','1126','1126','1126','Surveyed and interpreted for Morwellham and Tamar Valley Trust, this is the oldest building on the site, developing from an early 16th century open hall house with an arch-braced roof, into a fully floored house in the 18th century and an Inn in the 19th century.','1249','','','C16','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1253','1253_ship_inn.jpg','','Ship Inn, C16 Quay House. Side view from east.','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1254','1254_ship_inn.jpg','','Ship Inn, C16 Quay House. Front and side view from southeast.','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1255','1255_ship_inn.jpg','','Ship Inn, C16 Quay House. Side view from west.','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1256','1256_ship_inn.jpg','','Ship Inn interpretation plan.','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','P','1252','1252','','','1200','1550','240','310','1');
makeTviaImg('1257','1257_ship_inn.jpg','','Long section of Ship Inn.','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','S','1252','1252','','','1600','847','320','170','1');
makeTviaImg('1258','1258_ship_inn.jpg','','Early C16 arch-braced roof.','Roof timbering','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1259','1259_ship_inn.jpg','','Collar joint, purlins and rafters.','1258','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1260','1260_ship_inn.jpg','','Archbraced collar and truss apex.','1258','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1261','1261_ship_inn.jpg','','Rear wing truss apex, later C17.','1258','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1262','1262_ship_inn.jpg','','Rear wing trusses and collar.','1258','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1263','1263_ship_inn.jpg','','Early C16 arch-braced collar joint.','1258','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1264','1264_ship_inn.jpg','','Lap joints for smoke louver.','1258','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1265','1265_ship_inn.jpg','','Ship Inn dining room, 1857.','1252','1252','1252','1252','1252','A two-storeyed dining room extension was added to the rear in 1857 to cope with the expansion of the port due to the development of Devon Great Consols Mine.  It ceased to be an Inn in 1929 and became the farmhouse for Morwellham Farm, reverting to the status of a hostelry when Morwellham Quay Museum acquired it in 1972.','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1266','1266_ship_inn.jpg','','1857 dining room, roof.','1258','1252','1252','1252','1252','1265','1249','','1252','1252','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1267','1267_managers_house.jpg','','Manager\'s House, east front.','','1239','1239','1239','1239','Surveyed and interpreted for Morwellham and Tamar Valley Trust at the same time as the Ship Inn, this complex building has its origins in the 16th or 17th century, but most of its fabric dates from the period from after 1787, possibly up to the 1830s.  Much of this is of prefabricated timber frame construction, plastered internally and slatehung externally.','1249','','1239','1239','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1268','1268_managers_house.jpg','','Manager\'s House Elevation.','Elevation','1267','1267','1267','1267','1267','1249','D','1267','1267','','','1400','620','280','124','1');
makeTviaImg('1269','1269_managers_house.jpg','','Manager\'s House interpretation plan.','Interpretation plan','1267','1267','1267','1267','1267','1249','P','1267','1267','','','1250','1400','250','280','1');
makeTviaImg('1270','1270_morwellham_kiln_bank.jpg','','Limekiln top.','Limekiln','1080','1080','1080','1080','This was surveyed as part of an ongoing programme of archaeological survey work on industrial structures associated with the Tavistock Canal. It proved to be the most complex structure of all the buildings on the quay, with at least 12 identifiable phases between the mid-18th century and 1869 when it was abandoned. Other than a short period of re-use in about 1904, the kiln has been abandoned for nearly 140 years, making it a particularly well-preserved and interesting structure.','1249','P','1080','1080','','','1500','1310','300','260','1');
makeTviaImg('1271','1271_morwellham_kiln_bank.jpg','','Limekiln ground plan.','1270','1270','1270','1270','1270','1270','1270','P','1270','1270','','','1600','920','320','184','1');
makeTviaImg('1272','1272_canalincline_head_plan.jpg','','Incline head plan.','Plan','Canal Incline Head','1018','1018','1018','The truncated remains of structures in the ground here included two turntable bases and a machinery pit which agree with the 1826 description of the incline\'s operation by Carl Von Oeynhausen and Heinrich Von Dechen.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_canalinclinehead.shtml','P','','2004-5','','','1600','1500','320','300','1');
makeTviaImg('1273','1273_canalincline_head_dig.jpg','','Incline head dig, general view.','2004 excavations','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','','1272','1272','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1274','1274_canalincline_machinerypit.jpg','','Canal Incline head, machinery pit.','Machinery pit','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','','1272','1272','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1275','1275_canalincline_head_rodconduit.jpg','','Connecting rod conduit.','Connecting rod conduit','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','','1272','1272','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1276','1276_canalincline_head_section.jpg','','Incline head reconstruction section.','Reconstruction section','1272','1272','1272','1272','This reconstruction section was prepared from the archaeological evidence, coupled with the 1826 description and a later one by Richard Hansford-Worth from 1888.','1272','S','1272','1272','','','1600','625','320','125','1');
makeTviaImg('1277','1277_canalincline_head_wheel.jpg','','Incline Head reconstruction, wheel.','Reconstruction wheel','1272','1272','1272','1272','1276','1272','S','1272','1272','','','1600','1000','320','200','1');
makeTviaImg('1278','1278_canalincline_head_map.jpg','','Incline Head from the 1867 Bedford Estate map.','1867 Bedford Estate Map','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','1272','M','1272','1867','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1279','1279_canalincline_head_wheelpit.jpg','','Canal incline water wheel pit.','Water wheel pit','1272','1272','1272','1272','Alongside the winding house is the power source: this enormous water wheel pit, which housed a 40ft diameter pitchback water wheel driven by water taken from the canal.','1272','','1272','1272','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1280','1280_manganesedock_granite.jpg','','Granite edging slabs to west of dock.','Dock','1241','1241','1241','1241','The unloading side seems originally to have been on the west, with a set of finely dressed granite edging slabs and a granite crane base. Again a thick layer of limestone chippings and coal dust showed the quay to have been used principally for the lime and domestic trades, although iron pan had formed to the rear, suggesting that ore was heaped there at times.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_manganesedock.shtml','','1241','1241','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1281','1281_manganesedock_cranebase.jpg','','Granite crane base.','Crane base','1280','1280','1280','1280','1280','1280','','1280','1280','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1282','1282_manganesebarn_dig.jpg','','Manganese barn being unearthed.','Manganese Barn','1280','1280','1280','1280','The Manganese Barn was built between 1846 and 1867 in the filled in northern end of the dock, recycled quay edge slabs being used in its quoins.  A thin mortar layer found on its west side was probably deposited during construction.','1280','','1280','1280','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1283','1283_manganesedock_barn.jpg','','Manganese Barn with dock.','1282','1280','1280','1280','1280','1282','1280','','1280','1280','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1284','1284_sawpit.jpg','','Bill Fryer and Cathryn Evison excavating the sawpit, December 2007.','2007 Excavation','Timber Yard Sawpit','1015','1015','1015','The pit was excavated largely by MAG volunteer Bill Fryer over Christmas 2007. It is unusually large, measuring 44ft long by 4ft wide, originally being about 6ft deep. Timbers up to 84ft long were imported for use at Devon Great Consols Mine and were presumably converted to manageable sizes in this pit.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_timberyardsawpit.shtml','','','2007','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1285','1285_riverside_wall.jpg','','Pitched slate riverside wall.','Riverside wall','General Quay','1015','1015','1015','This quay was shown to preserve extensive areas of cobbling; its pitched slate riverside wall having a pronounced batter into the river with a killas, quartz and granite pitched stone edging.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_generalquay.shtml','','','2008','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1286','1286_crane_base.jpg','','Pre-1855 crane base with rails.','Crane base','1285','1285','1285','1285','Some dressed granite edging was seen, particularly on the upriver half of the frontage, with five large granite slabs fronting a slabbed area 6.5m wide by 8m deep, held together with leaded iron cramps, supporting a cast iron crane base.  This appears to have been inserted into the pre-existing quay frontage and had a central spindle running in an adjustable six-point roller bearing, with a circular railway supporting the outer edge of the crane body.','1285','','1285','Pre 1855','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1287','1287_crane_base.jpg','','Crane centre - adjustable roller bearing.','Crane centre bearing','1285','1285','1285','1285','1286','1285','','1285','1285','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1288','1288_tie_bar.jpg','','Tie bar and post for dockside crane.','Tie bar for crane','1285','1285','1285','1285','Three vertical timber posts were clamped to the river wall fronting the crane, possibly to prevent ships from causing damage by bumping.  The crane base was well supported, perhaps on piles, but the surrounding slabs subsequently sagged badly, pulling the crane base out of shape, so that it cannot have functioned well for very long. These tie-bars, bolted into posts 10m away, prevented the crane from tilting into the river.','1285','','1285','1285','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1289','1289_plateway_siding.jpg','','Plate railway siding, pre-1855.','Plate railway siding','1285','1285','1285','1285','A plate railway siding laid on timber sleepers alongside the Manganese Dock nearby may be contemporary with the crane, perhaps dating from the 1830s-40s and forming an extension spur from the canal incline.','1285','','1285','Pre 1855','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1290','1290_plateway_siding.jpg','','Plate railway siding with sleeper positions.','1289','1285','1285','1285','1285','1289','1285','','1285','1285','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1291','1291_sleeper_void.jpg','','Void for wooden sleeper.','Sleeper void','1285','1285','1285','1285','1289','1285','','1285','1285','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1292','1292_chippings.jpg','','Limestone chippings and coal dust.','Limestone chippings and coal dust','1285','1285','1285','1285','For some distance back from the quay edge, a thick layer of limestone chippings interleaved with coal dust had built up over many years while landing these commodities.  The spread radius of this material and the position of the railway siding suggests that the crane had a reach of 6 to 8 metres','1285','','1285','1285','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1293','1293_trough_plate.jpg','','Trough plate and pins.','Trough plate','Limekiln Quay Plateways','1015','1015','1015','Evaluation excavations on the Limekiln Quay showed that there were two phases of plateways and an intermediate edge railway phase on the quays: confirmed by surface stripping on the General Quay in 2008.  The first phase seems to date from 1816-17 with trough section plate rails laid on granite sleeper blocks.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_limekilnquay.shtml','','','1816-17','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1294','1294_trough_plate_point_frog.jpg','','Trough plate point frog.','Trough plate point frog','1293','1293','1293','1293','1293','1293','','1293','1293','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1295','1295_trough_plate_crossover.jpg','','Trough plate crossover.','Trough plate crossover','1293','1293','1293','1293','1293','1293','','','1293','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1296','1296_t_section_castrail.jpg','','T section cast iron rail.','T section cast rail','1293','1293','1293','1293','The second phase may date from the 1820s-30s and seems to have taken the form of a partial conversion to edge railway using T section cast iron rails on granite sleeper blocks, with the wheel flanges running in the grooves of the unusual trough rails, referred to by Von Oeynhausen and Von Dechen in 1826.','1293','','','1820s-30s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1297','1297_cobles_over_plateway.jpg','','Cobbles covering earlier plateway.','Earlier plateway','1293','1293','1293','1293','The third phase dates from after 1846 and possibly after 1867, with part of the quayside line abandoned and a new siding constructed across it at a higher level.  This also used trough rail, this time laid on timber transverse sleepers.','1293','','','c.1846-67','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1298','1298_extension_siding_plan.jpg','','Overall plan with extension siding at bottom left.','Plan','1293','1293','1293','1293','1297','1293','P','','1297','','','1600','1145','320','220','1');
makeTviaImg('1299','1299_turntable.jpg','','Inked plan of turntables.','Turntable','1293','1293','1293','1293','The stone incline ramp had been removed after 1869, but its footprint survived and is shown on this archaeological plan.','1293','P','','c. 1869','','','1200','1770','240','350','1');
makeTviaImg('1300','1300_turntable.jpg','','Turntable with trough plates.','1299','1293','1293','1293','1293','One complete and one partial turntable were found, the lower with its timber and iron deck and plate rails intact; the upper minus its deck but with its cast iron runner wheels and centre bearing largely intact.  The tables were linked by a short inclined section of track.','1293','','1293','1293','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1301','1301_turntable.jpg','','Turntable with securing bolt fitments.','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1293','','1300','1300','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1302','1302_turntable.jpg','','Securing bolt loops.','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1293','','1300','1300','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1303','1303_turntable.jpg','','Partial turntable frame with incline baulk.','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1293','','1300','1300','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1304','1304_turntable.jpg','','Turntable frame with runner wheels and pivot.','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1293','','1300','1300','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1305','1305_turntable.jpg','','Runner wheel.','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1300','1293','','1300','1300','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1306','1306_lost_dock_plan.jpg','','Site Plan of Lost Dock on Limekiln Quay 2005.','Plan','Limekiln Quay Lost Dock','1015','1015','1015','The first excavation in the current programme of archaeological work at Morwellham, this trench was designed to locate a dock constructed at the western end of the limekiln quay in 1787-91 and backfilled between 1846 and 1867.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_lostdock.shtml','P','','2005','','','1200','1703','240','340','1');
makeTviaImg('1307','1307_lost_dock_trench.jpg','','Sections of Lost Dock trench.','Sections','1306','1306','1306','1306','The dock outline was confirmed, although its stone side walls had largely been robbed out. Various sequences of infill material alternated with severely sagged layers of coal dust, indicating that the fill settled several times up to 1869 when the quay was largely abandoned. A mortared stone wall was built across the fill by 1867, probably as a yard for storing limestone or coal. The filled dock was subsequently used as a soakaway for various pipes and culverts, including some rather modern and smelly ones!','1306','S','1306','1306','','','1600','730','320','146','1');
makeTviaImg('1308','1308_lost_dock_trench.jpg','','Plans of Lost Dock trench.','Plan','1306','1306','1306','1306','1307','1306','S','1306','1306','','','1600','800','320','160','1');
makeTviaImg('1309','1309_olddock_2003excavation.jpg','','2003 excavation beside Old Dock.','2003 Excavations','1129','1129','1129','1129','A shallow trench was excavated about half-way along the eastern quay to locate the 1855 railway sleeper blocks, known to be present, and the wing wall between two of the bunkers on this side. The latter had been entirely removed at a later date, but the slate sleeper blocks, one with a cast iron chair in-situ were there. Some of the cobbles in the southern bunker and a slate kerb on their west side were located; the eastern enclosure wall of 1855 could be seen to be built directly onto these cobbles.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_olddock.shtml','','','2003','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1310','1310_olddock_sleeperblocks.jpg','','Slate sleeper blocks by Old Dock, 2003.','Slate sleeper blocks','1309','1309','1309','1309','1309','1309','','1309','1309','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1311','1311_olddock_chair.jpg','','Chair in-situ, 2003.','Chair in-situ','1309','1309','1309','1309','1309','1309','','1309','1309','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1312','1312_olddock_sequence.jpg','','Old Dock east side, sequence of C18-early C19 layers.','Sequence of layers','1309','1309','1309','1309','This photograph of the section shows the great complexity of sequenced layers of coal and limestone chippings encountered here.','1309','','1309','1309','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1313','1313_olddock_1855sleeperblocks.jpg','','1855 sleeper blocks on west wharf, Old Dock.','Sleeper blocks','1309','1309','1309','1309','As part of the stripping exercise carried out on the quay edges in early 2008, both quays alongside the Old Dock were relieved of their overburden and raised bunds of soft clay and turf along the dock edges. This revealed that lines of slate sleeper blocks of 1855 down both sides had been laid in linear trenches cut into a yellow clay and killas base.','1309','','1309','1309','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1314','1314_olddock_1855rail.jpg','','1855 rail in-situ, west wharf.','Rail in-situ','1309','1309','1309','1309','1313','1309','','1309','1309','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1315','1315_olddock_sleeperblocks.jpg','','Eastern wharf with sleeper blocks & bunker wing wall.','1313','1309','1309','1309','1309','1313','1309','','1309','1309','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1316','1316_bunkerwingwall.jpg','','Bunker wing wall on eastern wharf.','Bunker wing wall','1309','1309','1309','1309','1313','1309','','1309','1309','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1317','1317_kiln_top_dig.jpg','','2004 Kiln top dig, wheelpit on left.','Wheelpit','Limekiln Incline Head','1080','1080','1080','A small excavation was carried out in 2003 on the level grassed area behind the loading deck of the large limekiln, to locate a water wheel pit known to have been here from the 1867 Bedford Estate Map. Part of the pit and an associated railway headshunt on timber trestles was located; while it was realised that a depression in the lane to the north shows the position of more of the wheel pit, which housed an overshot wheel of about 30ft diameter by 2ft 6in breast.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_limekilninclinehead.shtml','','','2004','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1318','1318_dgc_dock.jpg','','1970s reconstructed timber side walls.','Reconstructed timber side walls','Devon Great Consols Dock','Morwellham','Gulworthy','Devon','The timber side walls of this dock, which were rebuilt between 1979 and 1981, began to collapse in the 1990s and a major engineering project was launched in 2007 to secure these. This involved laying three reinforced concrete ground beams, anchored to vertical and diagonal piles, to take a sequence of tensioned rods to iron loops around the dock piles.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_dgcdock.shtml','','','1970s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1319','1319_dgc_piles.jpg','','Original piles visible at base of 1970s reconstructed dockside.','Original piles','1318','1318','1318','1318','1318','1318','','1318','1970s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1320','1320_dgc_slump.jpg','','Items revealed or recovered during 2007 excavation of the Devon Great Consols Dock at Morwellham.','Slumped piling','1318','1318','1318','1318','An archaeological watching brief was carried out on the trenches for the ground beams and the subsequent excavation of a slumped section of dockside piling. This revealed that the dock had been constructed by digging a deep vertical-sided hole into the river clay and piling against it, with timber shuttering preventing the clay from slumping or flowing into the dock. The piles were driven for about 7 metres down to an ancient river bed; the shuttering going right to the bottom with 19 decks of timbers being counted.','1318','','1318','2007','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1321','1321_shuttering.jpg','','1320','Timber shuttering','1318','1318','1318','1318','1320','1318','','1320','1320','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1322','1322_loopclamp.jpg','','1320','Loop clamp from feet of piles','1318','1318','1318','1318','Three horizontal strakes were bolted to the outer face of each pile and wrought iron ties up to 30ft long attached to the middle strake via large wrought iron loop clamps and tightened with threaded bottle-nuts. The ties were supported at intervals by timber deadmen with their outer ends bolted through timber piles.','1318','','1320','1320','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1323','1323_bottlenuts.jpg','','1320','Bottle nuts for tensioning ties','1318','1318','1318','1318','1322','1318','','1320','1320','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1324','1324_crowsfootchainties.jpg','','1320','Crows foot triple chain ties','1318','1318','1318','1318','The most serious slumped section was restrained by a 30ft long wrought iron rod with an eye and cotterpin terminal, from which three crow\'s foot chains radiated; each with a bottle-nut to tighten it. All these ties were attached to circular loop clamps with hook terminals, looped around the upper rubbing strakes on the dock-side.','1318','','1320','1320','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1325','1325_crowsfootchainties.jpg','','1320','Crows foot junction','1318','1318','1318','1318','1324','1318','','1320','1320','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1326','1326_loopclamps.jpg','','1320','Various loop clamps','1318','1318','1318','1318','1322','1318','','1320','1320','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1327','1327_loopclamps.jpg','','1320','Clamp for rubbing strake','1318','1318','1318','1318','1324','1318','','1320','1320','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1328','1328_loopclamps.jpg','','1320','Loop clamp for pile','1318','1318','1318','1318','1324','1318','','1320','1320','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1329','1329_cottered_loopclamp.jpg','','1320','Cottered loop clamp for pile','1318','1318','1318','1318','1324','1318','','1320','1320','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1330','1330_crane_platform.jpg','','1320','Crane platform with tie bolts','1318','1318','1318','1318','A large shear-leg crane is shown on the east side of the dock on this 1868 photograph. A timber platform 8ft square supported this crane, through-bolted, with four support baulks at right angles sitting on a sequence of large piles driven into the river mud. The shear-legs were bolted to large angled baulks, supported by timber cradles in great pits dug into the ground.  The shear-leg crane shown in the photographs is a 1980s replica.','1318','','1320','1320','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1331','1331_dgc_section.jpg','','1320','Devon Great Consols Mine Section','','1110','1110','1110','This, the greatest copper lode ever discovered in South-West England, was worked underground from 1844 to 1901, with subsequent re-working above adit between 1914 and 1925. Despite evidence for underground workings for copper elsewhere in the Tamar Valley as far back as the early 18th century, and ample evidence for more ancient workings on this lode, for some reason it was not developed below ground to any extent before 1844.','/pages/mining_lodes35_36.shtml#lode36','S','1110','1844-1901','','','1888','1000','500','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1332','1332_dgc_maria_section.jpg','','DGC Section: Wheal Maria.','1131','','Wheal Maria,  DGC','1331','1331','1331','/pages/mining_lodes35_36.shtml#lode36maria','S','','1331','','','726','500','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1333','1333_dgc_fanny_section.jpg','','DGC Section: Wheal Fanny.','1131','','1094','1331','1331','1331','/pages/mining_lodes35_36.shtml#lode36fanny','S','','1331','','','712','500','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1334','1334_dgc_annamaria_section.jpg','','DGC Section: Wheal Anna Maria.','1131','','Wheal Anna Maria, DGC','1331','1331','1331','/pages/mining_lodes35_36.shtml#lode36annamaria','S','','1331','','','751','510','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1335','1335_dgc_josiah_section.jpg','','DGC Section: Wheal Josiah.','1131','','1044','1044','1044','1331','/pages/mining_lodes35_36.shtml#lode36josiah','S','','1331','','','1180','920','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1336','1336_dgc_emma_section.jpg','','DGC Section: Wheal Emma.','1131','','Wheal Emma, DGC','1331','1331','1331','/pages/mining_lodes35_36.shtml#lode36emma','S','1320','1331','','','1196','750','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1337','1337_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Stephen Docksey, Bill Fryer and Ralph Aylett with the western granite block.','2006 Excavation of Tunnel portal','DGC Incline Tunnel','1015','1015','1015','An unusual chamber was found inside the tunnel portal by MAG volunteers John and Cheryl Manley, with two enormous granite blocks flanking it, but not enough evidence was uncovered to provide a convincing explanation of these.','/pages/morwellham_excavations_dgctunnel.shtml#dgctunnel1','','','2006','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1338','1338_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Eastern granite block.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','','1337','1337','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1339','1339_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','2006 DGC Incline excavation trenches.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','Exploratory excavations were carried out to find out how well preserved this was, and confirmed that masonry survived up to 2m high in places and that imprints and timber remains of the complex railway lines survived in the cutting floor.','1337','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1340','1340_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','2006 DGC Incline excavation trenches, clearing down to the portal...','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1339','1337','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1341','1341_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','2006 DGC Incline excavation trenches, exposing the filled tunnel...','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1339','1337','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1342','1342_dgc_tunnel_earthworks.jpg','','Earthwork plan.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','The standard gauge railway connecting Devon Great Consols Mine with Morwellham Quay was constructed in 1857-58 and was closed in 1903.  The last 700m of the line was carried down the hill to the quays on an inclined plane, the lower end of which was carried under the Bedford Estate Cottages of 1856 and the timber yard fronting them in a \'cut and cover\' tunnel.','1337','P','1337','1337','','','1200','1600','240','320','1');
makeTviaImg('1343','1343_portal_lower.jpg','','Portal lower plan.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1342','1337','P','1337','1337','','','1200','1600','240','320','1');
makeTviaImg('1344','1344_portal_upper.jpg','','Portal upper plan.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1342','1337','P','1337','1337','','','1200','1600','240','320','1');
makeTviaImg('1345','1345_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Approach cutting and portal looking north.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','Enough timber remains survived to show the methods of construction of the \'baulk road\' trackwork','/pages/morwellham_excavations_dgctunnel.shtml#dgctunnel2','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1346','1346_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Approach cutting, looking south.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1345','1345','','1337','1337','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1347','1347_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','3-way turnout at tunnel portal.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1345','1345','','1337','1337','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1348','1348_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Cutting and tunnel with chain tie to granite block.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1345','1345','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1349','1349_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','1890s counterbalance chamber with Cathryn Evison.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1345','1345','','1337','1890s','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1350','1350_dgc_tunnel_reconstruction.jpg','','Reconstruction of lines.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','The full archaeological excavation of the approach cutting, portal and a short length of tunnel was carried out by MAG volunteers between July and October 2007.','1345','P','1337','1337','','','1200','1600','240','320','1');
makeTviaImg('1351','1351_dgc_inclinemans_hut.jpg','','Inclineman\'s hut with tiled floor, looking east.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','The tunnel portal also had a number of complex structures including this inclineman\'s hut with its sequence of earlier floors.','1345','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1352','1352_dgc_inclinemans_hut.jpg','','Sequential hut floors.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1351','1345','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1353','1353_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Lap joint between baulks, with iron through-bolt.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','Enough timber remains survived to show the methods of construction of the \'baulk road\' trackwork, such as this lap joint between baulks, fixed together with an iron bolt with square washers.','1345','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1354','1354_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Timber bracers between baulks.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','The baulks which supported the rails were held to gauge by many timber bracers and wedges.','1345','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1355','1355_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Bracer during excavation.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1354','1345','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1356','1356_dgc_tunnel.jpg','','Wear marks from haulage cable, on east wall of tunnel.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','The baulks which supported the rails were held to gauge by many timber bracers and wedges, while wear marks from the cable can be seen in the east side of the portal.','1345','','1337','1337','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1357','1357_dgc_tunnel_chaintie.jpg','','Chain tie to post.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','Each of the flanking granite blocks weighed about four tons and counteracted the tendency of the cable to pull northwards when under tension. These chain ties were laid in to prevent the blocks being pulled inwards.','1345','','1337','1337','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1358','1358_dgc_tunnel_chaintie.jpg','','Chain tie with post and hook.','1337','1337','1337','1337','1337','1357','1345','','1337','1337','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1359','1359_limekilnquay_turntable.jpg','','2005 dig, turntable 1 trough and T rails.','Turntable','1293','1293','1293','1293','1303','1295','','1293','2005','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1360','1360_limekilnquay_point_switch.jpg','','Limekiln Quay plateway point switch.','Plateway point switch','1359','1359','1359','1359','1295','1303','','1359','1359','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1361','1361_limekilnquay_point_switch.jpg','','Limekiln Quay plateway point switch.','1360','1359','1359','1359','1359','1360','1360','','1359','1359','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1362','1362_limekilnquay_turntable.jpg','','Limekiln Quay turntable 2.','1359','1359','1359','1359','1359','1303','1303','','1359','1359','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1363','1363_limekilnquay_tsection.jpg','','Morwellham Limekiln Quay, T section rail.','T section rail','1359','1359','1359','1359','1214','1214','','1359','1359','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1364','1364_limekilnquay_turntable_rw.jpg','','Robert Waterhouse with turntable.','1359','1359','1359','1359','1359','1359','1359','','1359','1359','','','640','480','200','150','1');
makeTviaImg('1365','1365_turntable_wheel.jpg','','Morwellham turntable runner wheel.','1359','1359','1359','1359','1359','1359','1359','','1359','1359','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1366','1366_tramway_welded_barrail.jpg','','New Quay tramway, welded bar rail.','Welded bar rail','1075','1075','1075','1075','1187','1187','','1359','1359','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1367','1367_tramway_welded_barrail_foot.jpg','','New Quay tramway, welded bar rail foot.','1366','1366','1366','1366','1366','1187','1187','','1366','1366','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1368','1368_newquay_wagon_latch.jpg','','New Quay wagon latch.','Wagon latch','1366','1366','1366','1366','','1187','','1366','1366','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1369','1369_bcsq_flatbottomrail.jpg','','Flat bottomed rails in Bedford Consols Shallow Adit.','Flat bottomed rails','Bedford Consols Shallow Adit','1171','1171','1171','Flat bottomed rail does not appear to have been introduced until the very late 19th century, examples surviving in Bedford Consols Shallow and Middle Adits, and at Wheal Frementor from the 1920s periods of working.','/pages/railtransport.shtml','','','1920s','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1370','1370_dgc_rails.jpg','','DGC rails.','Rails','DGC Tramway','1110','1110','1110','1200','1200','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1371','1371_dgc_bearing.jpg','','DGC Wagon bearing.','Wagon bearing','1370','1110','1110','1110','','1200','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1372','1372_dgc_bearing.jpg','','DGC Wagon bearing.','1371','1370','1110','1110','1110','','1371','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1373','1373_a390_skew_bridge.jpg','','East portal of A390 skew bridge.','East portal of A390 skew bridge','1370','Morwellham','1015','1015','The remains of an old bridge over the DGC railway.','1371','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1374','1374_limekiln_incline_posts.jpg','','2005 Limekiln Incline, post positions.','Incline','1317','1317','1317','1317','1362','1295','','','2005','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1375','1375_anderton_upper_buddles.jpg','','Anderton Upper Buddles.','Buddles','Anderton Upper Buddles','1096','1096','1096','','1096','','','1888','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1376','1376_anderton_water_wheel.jpg','','Anderton Water Wheel.','Water wheel','Anderton Water Wheel','1375','1375','1375','By the 19th century, it was common for many mines to have their own set of stamps adjoining their dressing floor. Depending on how much and what type of ore was being processed, a roller crusher might also be present. Although most Tamar Valley mines seem to have used water power for this, especially in Devon, steam was sometimes used; Anderton Mine near Tavistock having a small rotary beam engine driving a stamps battery in 1888.','1375','','','1888','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1377','1377_railway_museum.jpg','','Morwellham Railway Museum.','Canal Incline','1024','1024','1024','1024','A mock up of a plateway incline using a variety of components from the canal incline and elsewhere.','1021','','','','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1378','1378_platerail_bridge.jpg','','Morwellham plate rail bridge.','Plate rail bridge','1377','1377','1377','1377','Old plate rails used to make a bridge over the stream next to the canal incline.','1021','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1379','1379_18in_wheelset.jpg','','Morwellham Railway Museum 18in wheelset.','18 inch wheelset','1377','1377','1377','1377','An 18 inch wheelset now in Morwellham Railway Museum.','1378','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1380','1380_canal_incline_pointfrog.jpg','','Quayside plateway point frog.','1294','1294','1294','1294','1294','1294','1294','','1294','1294','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1381','1381_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline sidings, point base.','Point base','1018','1018','1018','1018','','','','','c. 2007','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1382','1382_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline wagon bearing keep.','Bearing keep','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1383','1383_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline winder bearing inner.','Bearing (inner)','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1384','1384_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline winder bearing outer.','Bearing (outer)','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1385','1385_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, Hannah with wheel.','Wheel','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1386','1386_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, Mike Willis with baulk.','Baulk','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1387','1387_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, eared plate impression.','Eared plate impression','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1388','1388_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, recycled sleeperblocks.','Recycled sleeper blocks','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1389','1389_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, looking upwards.','Incline (view up)','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1390','1390_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, looking down the lower section now the course of the header pond overflow.','Incline (view down)','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1391','1391_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, looking down the upper section towards the header pond.','Incline (view down)','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1392','1392_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, a stone pillow laid along the centre-line of the incline and deeply scored by the haulage cables.','Incline pillow','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1393','1393_limekilnquay.jpg','','Trough rails leading from the base of the canal incline towards the limekiln dock.','Trough rails','1381','1381','1381','1381','','1243','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1394','1394_limekilnquay.jpg','','1393','1393','1393','1393','1393','1393','','1393','','1393','1393','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1395','1395_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline winder bearings, inner and outer.','Winder bearings','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1396','1396_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline, wrought iron replacement platerail with square punched hole.','Wrough iron replacement platerail','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1397','1397_canal_incline.jpg','','Canal Incline excavation; a winder bearing, in-situ on the incline slope.','Winder bearing, in-situ','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1398','1398_tavistockcanal.jpg','','Downstream portal of aqueduct.','Aqueduct','Lumburn Aqueduct','1022','1022','1022','','1013','','','','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1399','1399_tavistockcanal.jpg','','Looking along plateway formation towards incline.','Plateway','1381','1381','1381','1381','Plateway spur to orechute wall, just west of Morwellham Methodist Chapel','1013','','1381','1381','P','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1400','1400_canal_incline.jpg','','1392','1392','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
makeTviaImg('1401','1401_canal_incline.jpg','','An eared Outram plate from the Canal Incline survey','Eared Outram plate','1381','1381','1381','1381','','','','1381','1381','','','','','','','1');
//
//	EOF
//